High resolution map of migrants in the EU

This report describes a data set generated from the harmonization and spatial processing of official census statistics collected from National Statistical Institutes in 8 EU Member States (France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and UK). The dataset provides a map at high spatial resolution of the population with migrant background in these Member States. The uniqueness of the data set resides both the high level of spatial resolution (cells of 100 by 100 m) and the large geographical coverage which is including almost 45 thousand local administrative units. From this data set it is possible to calculate indicators of concentration of migrants, diversity and spatial residential segregation which can support comparative research and policies on the local aspect of the integration of migrants in the EU.JRC.E.6-Demography, Migration and Governanc

Anomaly Detection of Mobility Data with Applications to COVID-19 Situational Awareness

This work introduces a live anomaly detection system for high frequency and high-dimensional data collected at regional scale such as Origin Destination Matrices of mobile positioning data. To take into account different granularity in time and space of the data coming from different sources, the system is designed to be simple, yet robust to the data diversity, with the aim of detecting abrupt increase of mobility towards specific regions as well as sudden drops of movements. The methodology is designed to help policymakers or practitioners, and makes it possible to visualise anomalies as well as estimate the effect of COVID-19 related containment or lifting measures in terms of their impact on human mobility as well as spot potential new outbreaks related to large gatherings

Monitoring COVID-19-induced gender differences in teleworking rates using Mobile Network Data

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a sudden need for a wider uptake of home-based telework as means of sustaining the production. Generally, teleworking arrangements impacts directly worker's efficiency and motivation. The direction of this impact, however, depends on the balance between positive effects of teleworking (e.g. increased flexibility and autonomy) and its downsides (e.g. blurring boundaries between private and work life). Moreover, these effects of teleworking can be amplified in case of vulnerable groups of workers, such as women. The first step in understanding the implications of teleworking on women is to have timely information on the extent of teleworking by age and gender. In the absence of timely official statistics, in this paper we propose a method for nowcasting the teleworking trends by age and gender for 20 Italian regions using mobile network operators (MNO) data. The method is developed and validated using MNO data together with the Italian quarterly Labour Force Survey. Our results confirm that the MNO data have the potential to be used as a tool for monitoring gender and age differences in teleworking patterns. This tool becomes even more important today as it could support the adequate gender mainstreaming in the ``Next Generation EU'' recovery plan and help to manage related social impacts of COVID-19 through policymaking.Comment: added figure

Territorial differences in the spread of COVID-19 in European regions and US counties

This article explores the territorial differences in the onset and spread of COVID-19 and the excess mortality associated with the pandemic, across the European NUTS3 regions and US counties. Both in Europe and in the US, the pandemic arrived earlier and recorded higher Rt values in urban regions than in intermediate and rural ones. A similar gap is also found in the data on excess mortality. In the weeks during the first phase of the pandemic, urban regions in EU countries experienced excess mortality of up to 68pp more than rural ones. We show that, during the initial days of the pandemic, territorial differences in Rt by the degree of urbanisation can be largely explained by the level of internal, inbound and outbound mobility. The differences in the spread of COVID-19 by rural-urban typology and the role of mobility are less clear during the second wave. This could be linked to the fact that the infection is widespread across territories, to changes in mobility patterns during the summer period as well as to the different containment measures which reverse the causality between mobility and Rt

Atlas of Migration - 2019

The Atlas of Migration is a reference book providing a snapshot of migration and a knowledge base for policymakers, stakeholders, businesses, researchers and the general public. It provides insights on migration up to 2018 for all EU Member States and 160 non-EU countries.JRC.E.6-Demography, Migration and Governanc

Mapping Mobility Functional Areas (MFA) using Mobile Positioning Data to Inform COVID-19 Policies: A European regional analysis

This work introduces the concept of data-driven Mobility Functional Areas (MFAs) as geographic zones with high degree of intra-mobility exchanges. Such information, calculated at European regional scale thanks to mobile data, can be useful to inform targeted reescalation policy responses in cases of future COVID-19 outbreaks (avoiding large-area or even national lockdowns). In such events, the geographic distribution of MFAs would define territorial areas to which lockdown interventions could be limited, with the result of minimising socio-economic consequences of such policies. The analysis of the time evolution of MFAs can also be thought of as a measure of how human mobility changes not only in intensity but also in patterns, providing innovative insights into the impact of mobility containment measures. This work presents a first analysis for 15 European countries (14 EU Member States and Norway).JRC.E.6-Demography, Migration and Governanc