517 research outputs found

    Interpocket polarization model for magnetic structures in rare-earth hexaborides

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    The origin of peculiar magnetic structures in cubic rare-earth (R) hexaborides RB_6 is traced back to their characteristic band structure. The three sphere-like Fermi surfaces induce interpocket polarization of the conduction band as a part of a RKKY-type interaction. It is shown for the free-electron-like model that the interpocket polarization gives rise to a broad maximum in the intersite interaction I(q) around q=(1/4,1/4,1/2) in the Brillouin zone. This maximum is consistent with the superstructure observed in R=Ce, Gd and Dy. The wave-number dependence of I(q) is independently extracted from analysis of the spin-wave spectrum measured for NdB_6. It is found that I(q) obtained from fitting the data has a similarly to that derived by the interpocket polarization model, except that the absolute maximum now occurs at (0,0,1/2) in consistency with the A-type structure. The overall shape of I(q) gives a hint toward understanding an incommensurate structure in PrB_6 as well.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to J.Phys.Soc.Jp

    Identificação de polimorfismos em genótipos de Coffea arabica de uma coleção da Etiópia.

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    Os marcadores moleculares são ferramentas importantes para acelerar os programas de melhoramento. Para o cafeeiro, uma espécie perene, o uso de marcadores é particularmente desejável devido ao tempo e recursos gastos para o lançamento de uma nova cultivar. Duas espécies do gênero Coffea são responsáveis por quase toda a produção de café: Coffea arabica e C. canephora. Contudo, para C. arabica, o número de marcadores polimórficos é relativamente baixo comparado a C. canephora e outras culturas, uma vez que a espécie apresenta baixa diversidade genética. Muitos estudos com marcadores genéticos foram feitos para analisar a diversidade da C. arabica, mas os resultados não foram eficientes para a discriminação genotípica detalhada e mapeamento genético. O Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR) possui uma coleção de 132 acessos de C. arabica originários da Etiópia, que apresentam variabilidade fenotípica com potencial para serem utilizados para exploração da diversidade. Neste sentido, este estudo buscou analisar a diversidade nucleotídica pela identificação de polimorfismos, SNPs e INDELs, de uma população do centro de origem de C. arabica, associado com o sequenciamento de nova geração. O RNA-seq de dois tecidos, frutos e folhas, de quatro genótipos de C. arabica de uma população da Etiópia, C. arabica cv. Mundo Novo e de um dos seus ancestrais de C. arabica ? C. eugenioides, foram sequenciados pela metodologia Illumina HiSeq2000. Os reads obtidos foram processados e posteriormente as sequências foram mapeadas em uma referência de C. canephora para identificação dos polimorfismos. Foram feitas duas estratégias: i) na primeira estratégia, foi utilizado uma ferramenta chamada SNiPloid com critérios de cobertura para o polimorfismo identificado e ii) uma segunda estratégia que considera os polimorfismos encontrados diretamente dos arquivos de detecção dos polimorfismos. Os resultados identificaram um número grande de polimorfismos. Na primeira estratégia, foram encontrados pelo menos 5.500 SNPs potenciais para a genotipagem e na segunda, 103.791 SNPs potenciais. Para essa última, ainda é necessário estabelecer critérios e filtros para escolher os polimorfismos que serão inicialmente genotipados. Os dados também mostraram a importância de utilizar um grupo mais diverso de genótipos associado com o sequenciamento de nova geração para detecção de SNPs. Este trabalho será importante para direcionar futuros trabalhos na caracterização da diversidade genética em C. arabica, além de estudos de mapeamento genético por associação

    Voxel-based modeling of airflow in the human nasal cavity

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    This paper describes the simulation of airflow in human nasal airways using voxel-based modeling characterized by robust, automatic, and objective grid generation. Computed tomography scans of a healthy adult nose are used to reconstruct 3D virtual models of the nasal airways. Voxel-based simulations of restful inspiratory flow are then performed using various mesh sizes to determine the level of granularity required to adequately resolve the airflow. For meshes with close voxel spacings, the model successfully reconstructs the nasal structure and predicts the overall pressure drop through the nasal cavity

    Magnetodielectric detection of magnetic quadrupole order in Ba(TiO)Cu4_4(PO4_4)4_4 with Cu4_4O12_{12} square cupolas

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    In vortex-like spin arrangements, multiple spins can combine into emergent multipole moments. Such multipole moments have broken space-inversion and time-reversal symmetries, and can therefore exhibit linear magnetoelectric (ME) activity. Three types of such multipole moments are known: toroidal, monopole, and quadrupole moments. So far, however, the ME-activity of these multipole moments has only been established experimentally for the toroidal moment. Here, we propose a magnetic square cupola cluster, in which four corner-sharing square-coordinated metal-ligand fragments form a noncoplanar buckled structure, as a promising structural unit that carries an ME-active multipole moment. We substantiate this idea by observing clear magnetodielectric signals associated with an antiferroic ME-active magnetic quadrupole order in the real material Ba(TiO)Cu4_4(PO4_4)4_4. The present result serves as a useful guide for exploring and designing new ME-active materials based on vortex-like spin arrangements.Comment: 4 figure

    Non-Collinear Magnetism due to Orbital Degeneracy and Multipolar Interactions

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    The origin of non-collinear magnetism under quadrupolar ordering is investigated with CeB6 taken as a target system. The mode-mixing effect among 15 multipoles is analyzed based on the Ginzburg-Landau free energy. Then the lower magnetic transition temperature and the order parameters are derived within the mean-field approximation. In the presence of pseudo-dipole-type interactions for the next-nearest neighbors, the observed pattern of non-collinear ordering is indeed stabilized for certain set of interaction parameters. The stability of the phase III' in the magnetic field is also explained, which points to the importance of the next-nearest-neighbor octupole-octupole interaction. Concerning the phase IV in CexLa1-xB6 with x ~ 0.75, a possibility of pure octupole ordering is discussed based on slight modifications of the strength of interactions.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 70 (6) (2001

    Indução in vivo de poliploidia em Coffea canephora resistente a nematoides.

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    O melhoramento genético do cafeeiro tem grande importância econômica para o Brasil. O cruzamento entre espécies pode gerar cultivares mais produtivos e resistentes. A diferença na ploidia de Coffea arabica (2n = 44) e C. canephora (2n = 22) dificulta o cruzamento interespecífico. Com a intenção de induzir o aumento da ploidia de C. canephora resistente aos nematoides Meloidogyne paranaensis e M. incognita, meristemas apicais de estacas enraizadas foram tratados com colchicina a 0,2 ou a 0,35% em ágar. O número de estômatos nas folhas produzidas pelos meristemas tratados foi contado para avaliar o efeito da colchicina. Para plantas com número de estômatos reduzido, foram contados cromossomos nos meristemas de nós caulinares produzidos após os tratamentos com colchicina. Enquanto foram observados cerca de 30 estômatos por campo em folhas controle, uma planta tratada que produziu folha com 15 estômatos por campo e tem 44 cromossomos em um meristema vegetativo foi identificada

    Gap-anisotropic model for the narrow-gap Kondo insulators

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    A theory is presented which accounts for the dynamical generation of a hybridization gap with nodes in the Kondo insulating materials CeNiSnCeNiSn and CeRhSbCeRhSb. We show that Hunds interactions acting on virtual 4f24f^2 configurations of the cerium ion can act to dynamically select the shape of the cerium ion by generating a Weiss field which couples to the shape of the ion. In low symmetry crystals where the external crystal fields are negligible, this process selects a nodal Kondo semimetal state as the lowest energy configuration.Comment: Substantially Revised Versio

    Charge Dynamics in Cuprate Superconductors

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    In this lecture we present some interesting issues that arise when the dynamics of the charge carriers in the CuO2_2 planes of the high temperature superconductors is considered. Based on the qualitative picture of doping, set by experiments and some previous calculations, we consider the strength of various inter and intra-cell charge transfer susceptibilities, the question of Coulomb screening and charge collective modes. The starting point is the usual p-d model extended by the long range Coulomb (LRC) interaction. Within this model it is possible to examine the case in which the LRC forces frustrate the electronic phase separation, the instability which is present in the model without an LRC interaction. While the static dielectric function in such systems is negative down to arbitrarily small wavevectors, the system is not unstable. We consider the dominant electronic charge susceptibilities and possible consequences for the lattice properties.Comment: 14 pages, 15 figures, latex, to be published in "From Quantum Mechanics to Technology", Lecture Notes in Physics, Springe

    Lattice Distortion and Octupole Ordering Model in CexLa1-xB6

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    Possible order parameters of the phase IV in CexLa1-xB6 are discussed with special attention to the lattice distortion recently observed. A \Gamma_{5u}-type octupole order with finite wave number is proposed as the origin of the distortion along the [111] direction. The \Gamma_8 crystalline electric field (CEF) level splits into three levels by a mean field with the \Gamma_{5u} symmetry. The ground and highest singlets have the same quadrupole moment, while the intermediate doublet has an opposite sign. It is shown that any collinear order of \Gamma_{5u}-type octupole moment accompanies the \Gamma_{5g}-type ferro-quadrupole order, and the coupling of the quadrupole moment with the lattice induces the distortion. The cusp in the magnetization at the phase transition is reproduced, but the internal magnetic field due to the octupole moment is smaller than the observed one by an order of magnitude.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jp
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