A traffic regulation method based on MRA signatures to reduce unwanted traffic from compromised end-user machines

Compromised end-user machines are an important source of the unwanted traffic that traverses the Internet. These machines have typically installed in them malicious software that misuses their network resources. Thereby, the packet streams that a compromised machine sends out consists of legitimate and unwanted packets. In this work, we present a traffic regulation method that limits the number of unwanted packets that such machines send to the Internet. The method operates on the time-series representation of a packet stream and it examines the "burstiness" instead of the rate of packets. The method filters out packets from this stream using signatures produced with wavelet-based multi-resolution analysis, along with a similarity measure. We evaluate the proposed method with real traffic traces (i.e., Domain Name System queries from legitimate end-users and e-mail worms) and compare it with a rate limiting method. We show that the method limits the amount of unwanted t raffic that a compromised end-user machine sends to the Internet while it has, compared to the rate limiting method, a lower number of legitimate packet drops

Relevance of a TCGA-derived Glioblastoma Subtype Gene-Classifier among Patient Populations

10.1038/s41598-019-43173-yScientific Reports91744

Food insecurity and HIV/AIDS: current knowledge, gaps, and research priorities.

Food insecurity and HIV/AIDS are intertwined in a vicious cycle that heightens vulnerability to, and worsens the severity of, each condition. We review current knowledge and research priorities regarding the impact of food insecurity on HIV transmission risk and clinical outcomes. Observational studies suggest that food insecurity is associated with increased HIV transmission risk behaviors and decreased access to HIV treatment and care. Among individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), food insecurity is associated with decreased ART adherence, reduced baseline CD4 cell count, incomplete virologic suppression, and decreased survival. Integration of food security interventions into HIV/AIDS treatment programs is essential to curtail the HIV/AIDS epidemic and improve health and quality of life among those infected. Longitudinal research applying validated measurement tools is needed to better understand the mechanisms through which food insecurity adversely impacts HIV transmission, treatment, and care. Research should compare the effectiveness of various food assistance and livelihood strategies