5,519 research outputs found
Super-Instantons in Gauge Theories and Troubles with Perturbation Theory
In gauge theories with continuous groups there exist classical solutions
whose energy vanishes in the thermodynamic limit (in any dimension). The
existence of these super-instantons is intimately related to the fact that even
at short distances perturbation theory can fail to produce unique results. This
problem arises only in non-Abelian models and only starting at O(1/beta^2).Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure available on request from the author
Super-Instantons and the Reliability of Perturbation Theory in Non-Abelian Models
In dimension the low temperature behavior of systems enjoying a
continuous symmetry is dominated by super-instantons: classical configurations
of arbitrarily low energy. Perturbation theory in the background of a
super-instanton produces thermodynamic answers for the invariant Green's
functions that differ from the standard ones, but only in non-Abelian models
and only starting at . This effect modifies the -function
of the models and persists in the large limit of the models.Comment: 8 pages, plain LaTeX, MPI-Ph/93-87 and AZPH-TH/93-3
Super-Instantons, Perfect Actions, Finite Size Scaling and the Continuum Limit
We discuss some aspects of the continuum limit of some lattice models, in
particular the models. The continuum limit is taken either in an
infinite volume or in a box whose size is a fixed fraction of the infinite
volume correlation length. We point out that in this limit the fluctuations of
the lattice variables must be and thus restore the symmetry which may
have been broken by the boundary conditions (b.c.). This is true in particular
for the so-called super-instanton b.c. introduced earlier by us. This
observation leads to a criterion to assess how close a certain lattice
simulation is to the continuum limit and can be applied to uncover the true
lattice artefacts, present even in the so-called 'perfect actions'. It also
shows that David's recent claim that super-instanton b.c. require a different
renormalization must either be incorrect or an artefact of perturbation theory.Comment: 14 pages, latex, no figure
Radiative and collisional processes in translationally cold samples of hydrogen Rydberg atoms studied in an electrostatic trap
Supersonic beams of hydrogen atoms, prepared selectively in Rydberg-Stark
states of principal quantum number in the range between 25 and 35, have
been deflected by 90, decelerated and loaded into off-axis electric
traps at initial densities of atoms/cm and translational
temperatures of 150 mK. The ability to confine the atoms spatially was
exploited to study their decay by radiative and collisional processes. The
evolution of the population of trapped atoms was measured for several
milliseconds in dependence of the principal quantum number of the initially
prepared states, the initial Rydberg-atom density in the trap, and the
temperature of the environment of the trap, which could be varied between 7.5 K
and 300 K using a cryorefrigerator. At room temperature, the population of
trapped Rydberg atoms was found to decay faster than expected on the basis of
their natural lifetimes, primarily because of absorption and emission
stimulated by the thermal radiation field. At the lowest temperatures
investigated experimentally, the decay was found to be multiexponential, with
an initial rate scaling as and corresponding closely to the natural
lifetimes of the initially prepared Rydberg-Stark states. The decay rate was
found to continually decrease over time and to reach an almost -independent
rate of more than (1 ms) after 3 ms. To analyze the experimentally
observed decay of the populations of trapped atoms, numerical simulations were
performed which included all radiative processes, i.e., spontaneous emission as
well as absorption and emission stimulated by the thermal radiation. These
simulations, however, systematically underestimated the population of trapped
atoms observed after several milliseconds by almost two orders of magnitude,
although they reliably predicted the decay rates of the remaining atoms in the
trap. TheComment: 36 pages, 18 figure
Adaptive stepsize and instabilities in complex Langevin dynamics
Stochastic quantization offers the opportunity to simulate field theories
with a complex action. In some theories unstable trajectories are prevalent
when a constant stepsize is employed. We construct algorithms for generating an
adaptive stepsize in complex Langevin simulations and find that unstable
trajectories are completely eliminated. To illustrate the generality of the
approach, we apply it to the three-dimensional XY model at nonzero chemical
potential and the heavy dense limit of QCD.Comment: 12 pages, several eps figures; clarification and minor corrections
added, to appear in PL
No-go theorem on spontaneous parity breaking revisited
An essential assumption in the Vafa and Witten's theorem on P and CT
realization in vector-like theories concerns the existence of a free energy
density in Euclidean space in the presence of any external hermitian symmetry
breaking source. We show how this requires the previous assumption that the
symmetry is realized in the vacuum. Even if Vafa and Witten's conjecture is
plausible, actually a theorem is still lacking.Comment: Talk presented at LATTICE99(Theoretical Developments),3 pages. Latex
using espcrc2.st
Emergency Preparedness and Response Protocol in South Dakota Public Schools
Providing a safe and secure learning environment is one of the most important components of being a superintendent. This quantitative study examined school superintendent perceptions of safety and the importance of four emergency crisis components, prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery in the state of South Dakota. The study was included 147 school public school districts in South Dakota and two school districts were excluded because they were only K-8 school districts. The study also investigated the relationship of school size and its affect on school safety based on superintendent perceptions of the four components of emergency crisis plans. The results show a discrepancy between the importance placed on the four emergency crisis components by superintendents and their perceptions of safety based on the four components. The results show a discrepancy between the importance placed on the four emergency crisis components by superintendents and their perceptions of safety based on the four components. The research shows statistical significance between (r[81]= 12.66, p\u3c.05) prevention, (r[81]= 11.84, p\u3c.05) preparedness, (r[81]= 12.60, p\u3c.05) response, and (r[81]= 9.21, p\u3c.05) recovery between the size of the school district and the superintendents perceptions of safety for their school. The data showed larger school districts are perceived as being safer based on superintendent perceptions. The data showed the importance of each emergency crisis plan component and the effect of school size on superintendent perceptions of safety
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