Avaliação de interações bióticas e indicadores ambientais em fragmentos florestais no COMPERJ, RJ¹.

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Crescimento de mudas de hortaliças em substratos orgânicos.

A produção de mudas é uma etapa importante no cultivo de hortaliças, pois delas depende o desempenho final. A disponibilidade de substratos adequados à agricultura orgânica é uma demanda por parte dos agricultores. Geralmente, os produtos disponíveis são formulados com insumos não renováveis. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se o desenvolvimento de mudas de rúcula, beterraba e tomate em dois substratos. O primeiro substrato foi constituído de 83% de vermicomposto, 15% de fino de carvão vegetal e 2% de torta de mamona. O segundo tratamento foi constituído por um substrato comercial com certificação orgânica, enriquecido com 2% de torta de mamona. Não foi observada interação entre as épocas de amostragem e os substratos para a altura de parte aérea e número folhas, para as espécies testadas. O substrato comercial proporcionou desenvolvimento de mudas de rúcula e beterraba superior ao substrato Vermicomposto, mas em relação às mudas de tomate, não houve diferenças significativas.ANAIS CONGRESSO LATINO-AMERICANO DE AGROECOLOGIA, 6.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE AGROECOLOGIA, 10.; SEMINÁRIO DE AGROECOLOGIA DO DISTRITO FEDERAL E ENTORNO, 5., 2017, Brasília, DF. Agroecologia na transformação dos sistemas agroalimentares na América Latina: memórias, saberes e caminhos para o bem viver: anais. Brasília, DF: Associação Brasileira de Agroecologia, 2017

Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em solo sob Caatinga arbórea submetida a manejo florestal.

The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community presents a variable tolerance to changes in the medium, to which it responds modifying the number of propagules. For this reason, the study of the effect of different management practices on this community can help to understand the magnitude of the changes caused to the ecosystem. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil in an area of arboreal Caatinga bmitted to forest management. The study was conducted in Contendas do Sincorá (BA). Three types of forest management (clear-cutting, selective logging based on diameter, and selective logging based on species) and one control area were evaluated. Soil samples were collected at 0-10 cm depth in two periods (five and 10 months after management). AMF spores were present in low density (< 1 spore g-1 soil), dry and non-viable, and were generally more abundant in managed areas. Fewer species were observed in the control area. The AMF community showed to be related to the attributes of the soil and sensitive to management practices, demonstrating greater impact under clear cut management

Macrofauna edáfica como indicadora em revegetação com leguminosas arbóreas

O trabalho foi desenvolvido em uma área de pasto abandonada revegetada com leguminosas arbóreas. Localizada no município de Valença, RJ, nela foram utilizadas diferentes proporções de leguminosas arbóreas fixadoras de nitrogênio: 0% (0L), 25% (25L), 50% (50L) e 75% (75L). Para avaliação da macrofauna do solo, as amostragens foram feitas nas épocas seca e úmida, utilizando-se o método TSBF. Outras amostragens foram realizadas, ainda, em uma floresta secundária (FS) e em duas áreas de pasto (PA e PB). O processo de revegetação aumentou a diversidade da fauna do solo de uma forma geral. Formicidae foi o grupo da macrofauna de maior abundância em todas as áreas, para as duas épocas de avaliação. Na época chuvosa, houve aumento considerável na quantidade de invertebrados na camada serapilheira nos tratamentos 0L, 25L, 50L, 75L e Floresta Secundária, o que no período seco aconteceu na camada 0-10 cm

Soil ecotoxicology and mesofauna at the site of an attested oil spill in Ipanema National Forest

A disused electrical substation was the site of the spill of 40,000 L of Ascarel oil. However, none of the expected principal contaminants were chemically detected above established guidelines. Since the analysis of other possible contaminants is extremely expensive and impractical, the objective of this study was to indirectly evaluate possible contamination by determining the influence of physico-chemical parameters on the variation in soil mesofauna data and ecotoxicological testing. The tested substation is located in Ipanema National Forest in São Paulo State, Brazil. The area surrounding this site has several different soil uses and vegetation cover types. The square 200 m × 200 m collection area was defined by a grid comprised of 6 equally spaced lines along each axis. Soil samples were taken at each intersection save for 2, for a total of 34. Ecotoxicological testing was completed using Enchytraeus crypticus. The mesofauna was affected by multiple soil attributes that together accounted for 75.5 and 84.8% of the variability in samples taken from secondary forest and wooded pasture, respectively. However, variability in the E. crypticus testing was not strongly correlated to these physico-chemical attributes, possibly due to the tolerance of the tested species to the variations observed in this study. This provides strong evidence that no contaminants are affecting local biota. However, additional studies are needed to analyze more complex abiotic factors that might account for the observe

Establishment of leguminous trees in the soil of a shooting range.

Shooting range activities risk contaminating the soil, posing potential risks to human health, the local biota, and water sources. Considering that soil organisms are the first to be affected by contamination, this study aimed to evaluate the initial growth of the leguminous tree Albizia polycephala and its association with microbes in soil taken from this area. The collected soil was placed in 60-ml tubes with legume seeds and stored in a greenhouse for 60 days. The differences in the legumes? growth were not related to the physical and chemical properties of the soil, norto its metal content, but rather to mycorrhizal colonization and nodulation, which were shown to be effective in creating favorable conditions. This indicates that the site under study has great natural potential for the establishment of tree species, which could be impaired if it continues to be used for shooting practic