5,196 research outputs found
Measurement of heavy-hole spin dephasing in (InGa)As quantum dots
We measure the spin dephasing of holes localized in self-assembled (InGa)As
quantum dots by spin noise spectroscopy. The localized holes show a distinct
hyperfine interaction with the nuclear spin bath despite the p-type symmetry of
the valence band states. The experiments reveal a short spin relaxation time
{\tau}_{fast}^{hh} of 27 ns and a second, long spin relaxation time
{\tau}_{slow}^{hh} which exceeds the latter by more than one order of
magnitude. The two times are attributed to heavy hole spins aligned
perpendicular and parallel to the stochastic nuclear magnetic field. Intensity
dependent measurements and numerical simulations reveal that the long
relaxation time is still obscured by light absorption, despite low laser
intensity and large detuning. Off-resonant light absorption causes a
suppression of the spin noise signal due to the creation of a second hole
entailing a vanishing hole spin polarization.Comment: accepted to be published in AP
A Rotating-Tip-Based Mechanical Nano-Manufacturing Process: Nanomilling
We present a rotating-tip-based mechanical nanomanufacturing technique, referred to here as nanomilling. An atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe tip that is rotated at high speeds by out-of-phase motions of the axes of a three-axis piezoelectric actuator is used as the nanotool. By circumventing the high-compliance AFM beam and directly attaching the tip onto the piezoelectric actuator, a high-stiffness arrangement is realized. The feeding motions and depth prescription are provided by a nano-positioning stage. It is shown that nanomilling is capable of removing the material in the form of long curled chips, indicating shearing as the dominant material removal mechanism. Feature-size and shape control capabilities of the method are demonstrated
Continuous-variable quantum teleportation of entanglement
Entangled coherent states can be used to determine the entanglement fidelity
for a device that is designed to teleport coherent states. This entanglement
fidelity is universal, in that the calculation is independent of the use of
entangled coherent states and applies generally to the teleportation of
entanglement using coherent states. The average fidelity is shown to be a poor
indicator of the capability of teleporting entanglement; i.e., very high
average fidelity for the quantum teleportation apparatus can still result in
low entanglement fidelity for one mode of the two-mode entangled coherent
state.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, published versio
Encoding a qubit in an oscillator
Quantum error-correcting codes are constructed that embed a
finite-dimensional code space in the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space of a
system described by continuous quantum variables. These codes exploit the
noncommutative geometry of phase space to protect against errors that shift the
values of the canonical variables q and p. In the setting of quantum optics,
fault-tolerant universal quantum computation can be executed on the protected
code subspace using linear optical operations, squeezing, homodyne detection,
and photon counting; however, nonlinear mode coupling is required for the
preparation of the encoded states. Finite-dimensional versions of these codes
can be constructed that protect encoded quantum information against shifts in
the amplitude or phase of a d-state system. Continuous-variable codes can be
invoked to establish lower bounds on the quantum capacity of Gaussian quantum
channels.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, REVTeX, title change (qudit -> qubit) requested
by Phys. Rev. A, minor correction
Worker remittances and the global preconditions of ‘smart development’
With the growing environmental crisis affecting our globe, ideas to weigh economic or social progress by the ‘energy input’ necessary to achieve it are increasingly gaining acceptance. This question is intriguing and is being dealt with by a growing number of studies, focusing on the environmental price of human progress. Even more intriguing, however, is the question of which factors of social organization contribute to a responsible use of the resources of our planet to achieve a given social result (‘smart development’). In this essay, we present the first systematic study on how migration – or rather, more concretely, received worker remittances per GDP – helps the nations of our globe to enjoy social and economic progress at a relatively small environmental price. We look at the effects of migration on the balance sheets of societal accounting, based on the ‘ecological price’ of the combined performance of democracy, economic growth, gender equality, human development, research and development, and social cohesion. Feminism in power, economic freedom, population density, the UNDP education index as well as the receipt of worker remittances all significantly contribute towards a ‘smart overall development’, while high military expenditures and a high world economic openness are a bottleneck for ‘smart overall development’
Antiferromagnetic spintronics
Antiferromagnetic materials are magnetic inside, however, the direction of
their ordered microscopic moments alternates between individual atomic sites.
The resulting zero net magnetic moment makes magnetism in antiferromagnets
invisible on the outside. It also implies that if information was stored in
antiferromagnetic moments it would be insensitive to disturbing external
magnetic fields, and the antiferromagnetic element would not affect
magnetically its neighbors no matter how densely the elements were arranged in
a device. The intrinsic high frequencies of antiferromagnetic dynamics
represent another property that makes antiferromagnets distinct from
ferromagnets. The outstanding question is how to efficiently manipulate and
detect the magnetic state of an antiferromagnet. In this article we give an
overview of recent works addressing this question. We also review studies
looking at merits of antiferromagnetic spintronics from a more general
perspective of spin-ransport, magnetization dynamics, and materials research,
and give a brief outlook of future research and applications of
antiferromagnetic spintronics.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure
Adiabatic Theory of Electron Detachment from Negative Ions in Two-Color Laser Field
Negative ion detachment in bichromatic laser field is considered within the
adiabatic theory. The latter represents a recent modification of the famous
Keldysh model for multiphoton ionization which makes it quantitatively
reliable. We calculate angular differential detachment rates, partial rates for
particular ATD (Above Threshold Detachment) channels and total detachment rates
for the Hydrogen ion in a bichromatic field with 1:3 frequency ratio and
various phase differences. Reliability of the present, extremely simple
approach is testified by comparison with much more elaborate earlier
calculations.Comment: 22 pages, 6 Postscript figure
Potentiation of thrombus instability: a contributory mechanism to the effectiveness of antithrombotic medications
© The Author(s) 2018The stability of an arterial thrombus, determined by its structure and ability to resist endogenous fibrinolysis, is a major determinant of the extent of infarction that results from coronary or cerebrovascular thrombosis. There is ample evidence from both laboratory and clinical studies to suggest that in addition to inhibiting platelet aggregation, antithrombotic medications have shear-dependent effects, potentiating thrombus fragility and/or enhancing endogenous fibrinolysis. Such shear-dependent effects, potentiating the fragility of the growing thrombus and/or enhancing endogenous thrombolytic activity, likely contribute to the clinical effectiveness of such medications. It is not clear how much these effects relate to the measured inhibition of platelet aggregation in response to specific agonists. These effects are observable only with techniques that subject the growing thrombus to arterial flow and shear conditions. The effects of antithrombotic medications on thrombus stability and ways of assessing this are reviewed herein, and it is proposed that thrombus stability could become a new target for pharmacological intervention.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio
Pushed traveling fronts in monostable equations with monotone delayed reaction
We study the existence and uniqueness of wavefronts to the scalar
reaction-diffusion equations with monotone delayed reaction term and . We are mostly interested in the situation when the graph of is not
dominated by its tangent line at zero, i.e. when the condition , is not satisfied. It is well known that, in such a case, a
special type of rapidly decreasing wavefronts (pushed fronts) can appear in
non-delayed equations (i.e. with ). One of our main goals here is to
establish a similar result for . We prove the existence of the minimal
speed of propagation, the uniqueness of wavefronts (up to a translation) and
describe their asymptotics at . We also present a new uniqueness
result for a class of nonlocal lattice equations.Comment: 17 pages, submitte
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