A power efficient 2Gb/s transceiver in 90nm CMOS for 10mm On-Chip interconnect

Global on-chip data communication is becoming a concern as the gap between transistor speed and interconnect bandwidth increases with CMOS process scaling. In this paper a low-swing transceiver for 10mm long 0.54μm wide on-chip interconnect is presented, which achieves a similar data rate as previous designs (a few Gb/s), but at much lower power than recently published work. Both low static power and low dynamic power (low energy per bit) is aimed for. A capacitive pre-emphasis transmitter lowers the voltage swing and increases the bandwidth using a simple inverter based transceiver and capacitive coupling to the interconnect. The receiver uses Decision Feedback Equalization with a power-efficient continuous-time feedback filter. A low power latch-type voltage sense amplifier is used. The transceiver, fabricated in a 1.2V 90nm CMOS process, achieves 2Gb/s. It consumes only 0.28pJ/b, which is 7 times lower than earlier work

Low-Power, High-Speed Transceivers for Network-on-Chip Communication

Networks on chips (NoCs) are becoming popular as they provide a solution for the interconnection problems on large integrated circuits (ICs). But even in a NoC, link-power can become unacceptably high and data rates are limited when conventional data transceivers are used. In this paper, we present a low-power, high-speed source-synchronous link transceiver which enables a factor 3.3 reduction in link power together with an 80% increase in data-rate. A low-swing capacitive pre-emphasis transmitter in combination with a double-tail sense-amplifier enable speeds in excess of 9 Gb/s over a 2 mm twisted differential interconnect, while consuming only 130 fJ/transition without the need for an additional supply. Multiple transceivers can be connected back-to-back to create a source-synchronous transceiver-chain with a wave-pipelined clock, operating with 6sigma offset reliability at 5 Gb/s

An audio FIR-DAC in a BCD process for high power Class-D amplifiers

A 322 coefficient semi-digital FIR-DAC using a 1-bit PWM input signal was designed and implemented in a high voltage, audio power bipolar CMOS DMOS (BCD) process. This facilitates digital input signals for an analog class-D amplifier in BCD. The FIR-DAC performance depends on the ISI-resistant nature of this PWM-signal. An impulse response with only positive coefficients was chosen, because of its resistance to deadzone and mismatch. With a DAC current of 0.5 mA, the dynamic range is 111 dB (A-weighted), with SINAD = 103 dB (A-weighted). The current consumption is 1mA for the analog part and 4.8 mA for the digital part. The power consumption is 29 mW at V/sub dd/ = 5 V and the chip area is 2 mm/sup 2/ including the reference diode that can be shared by more channels

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound: clinical applications in patients with atherosclerosis

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is increasingly being used to evaluate patients with known or suspected atherosclerosis. The administration of a microbubble contrast agent in conjunction with ultrasound results in an improved image quality and provides information that cannot be assessed with standard B-mode ultrasound. CEUS is a high-resolution, noninvasive imaging modality, which is safe and may benefit patients with coronary, carotid, or aortic atherosclerosis. CEUS allows a reliable assessment of endocardial borders, left ventricular function, intracardiac thrombus and myocardial perfusion. CEUS results in an improved detection of carotid atherosclerosis, and allows assessment of high-risk plaque characteristics including intraplaque vascularization, and ulceration. CEUS provides real-time bedside information in patients with a suspected or known abdominal aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection. The absence of ionizing radiation and safety of the contrast agent allow repetitive imaging which is particularly useful in the follow-up of patients after endovascular aneurysm repair. New developments in CEUS-based molecular imaging will improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and may in the future allow to image and directly treat cardiovascular diseases (theragnostic CEUS). Familiarity with the strengths and limitations of CEUS may have a major impact on the management of patients with atherosclerosis

A reproducing kernel for nonsymmetric Macdonald polynomials

Despite the growing attention for the impact of selection procedures and outcomes on applicants, little is yet known about the factors that may influence these relationships. The general findings of a recent doctoral dissertation are presented in this article. The research in this dissertation was directed at investigating the separate and combined influences of selection feedback, fairness perceptions, and attributions on a diversity of applicant reactions: well-being, self-evaluations and perceptions of the organization. Based on four empirical studies it is shown that feedback and fairness do not merely have a positive influence on applicant reactions, and that attributional style plays an important role in the formation of reactions. Therefore, both organizations and applicants may benefit from more reflection on selection feedback and fairness by researchers and practitioners alike. Er is nog relatief weinig bekend over de invloed van selectieprocedures en -uitkomsten op sollicitanten. In dit artikel worden de algemene bevindingen beschreven van een aantal onderzoeken die onderdeel waren van een recent proefschrift. Deze onderzoeken waren gericht op de afzonderlijke en gezamenlijke invloed van rechtvaardigheidspercepties, selectiefeedback en attributies op diverse reacties van sollicitanten, zoals hun welzijn, zelf-evaluaties en organisatiepercepties. Aan de hand van vier empirische onderzoeken wordt aangetoond dat feedback en rechtvaardigheid niet altijd een louter positieve invloed op sollicitantreacties hebben en dat attributiestijl een rol speelt bij de vorming van deze reacties. Het zou daarom voor zowel sollicitanten als organisaties lonend kunnen zijn als er meer rekening wordt gehouden met de effecten van selectiefeedback en de rol van rechtvaardigheidspercepties

Long-term prognostic value of dobutamine stress 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT: single-center experience with 8-year follow-up

PURPOSE: To determine the long-term prognostic value of dobutamine stress technetium 99m (99mTc)-labeled sestamibi single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients with limited exercise capacity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical data and SPECT results were analyzed in 531 consecutive patients. Follow-up was successful in 528 (99.4%) patients; 55 underwent early revascularization and were excluded. Normal or abnormal findings were considered in the absence or presence of fixed and/or reversible perfusion defects. A summed stress score was calculated to estimate the extent and severity of perfusion defects. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify independent predictors of late cardiac events. The incremental value of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy over clinical variables in predicting events was determined according to two models. The probability of survival was calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Findings were abnormal in 312 patients. During 8.0 years +/- 1.5 of follow-up (range, 4.5-10.6 years), cardiac death occurred in 67 patients (total deaths, 165); nonfatal myocardial infarction, in 34; and late revascularization, in 49. The annual rates for cardiac death, cardiac death or infarction, and all events were 0.9%, 1.2%, and 1.5%, respectively, after normal findings and 2.7%, 3.4%, and 4.4%, respectively, after abnormal findings (P <.05). In a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, not only an abnormal finding but also the summed stress score provided incremental prognostic information in addition to clinical data. The hazard ratio for cardiac death was 1.09 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.18) per 1-unit increment of the summed stress score. CONCLUSION: The incremental prognostic value of dobutamine stress 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT over clinical data was maintained over an 8-year follow-up in patients with limited exercise capacity

Noninvasive evaluation of ischaemic heart disease: myocardial perfusion imaging or stress echocardiography?

Stress echocardiography and myocardial perfusion imaging are commonly used noninvasive imaging modalities for the evaluation of ischaemic heart disease. Both modalities have proved clinically useful in the entire spectrum of coronary artery disease. Both techniques can detect coronary artery disease and provide prognostic information. Both techniques can identify low-risk and high-risk subsets among patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease and thus guide patient management decisions. In patients with acute myocardial infarction, both techniques have been used to identify residual viable tissue and predict improvement of function over time. In patients with chronic ischaemic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, viability assessment with either modality can be used to predict improvement of function after revascularisation and thus guide patient treatment

Оценка возможности метода КИМов для решения характерных задач по изменению структуры и параметров тепловых схем ПТУ АЭС

Объектом исследования дипломной работы являются экспресс-методы решения характерных задач по изменению структуры тепловых схем ПТУ АЭС. Целью работы является выявление сравнительной оценки результатов расчетов тепловых схем экспресс-методами. Проводились вариантные сравнительные расчеты при изменении структуры и параметров тепловых схем.The object of the research thesis are rapid methods for solving specific problems of restructuring the thermal circuit Vocational plant. The aim is to identify the comparative evaluation of results of calculations of thermal schemes express methods. Were variant comparative calculations when changing the structure and parameters of thermal schemes