Direct Microlensing-Reverberation Observations of the Intrinsic magnetic Structure of AGN in Different Spectral States: A Tale of Two Quasars

We show how direct microlensing-reverberation analysis performed on two well-known Quasars (Q2237 - The Einstein Cross and Q0957 - The Twin) can be used to observe the inner structure of two quasars which are in significantly different spectral states. These observations allow us to measure the detailed internal structure of quasar Q2237 in a radio quiet high-soft state, and compare it to quasar Q0957 in a radio loud low-hard state. We find that the observed differences in the spectral states of these two quasars can be understood as being due to the location of the inner radii of their accretion disks relative to the co-rotation radii of rotating intrinsically magnetic supermassive compact objects in the centers of these quasars.Comment: 26 page manuscript with 2 tables and 2 figures, submitted to Astronomical Journa

Do micro brown dwarf detections explain the galactic dark matter?

Context: The baryonic dark matter dominating the structures of galaxies is widely considered as mysterious, but hints for it have been in fact detected in several astronomical observations at optical, infrared, and radio wavelengths. We call attention to the nature of galaxy merging, the observed rapid microlensing of a quasar, the detection of "cometary knots" in planetary nebulae, and the Lyman-alpha clouds as optical phenomena revealing the compact objects. Radio observations of "extreme scattering events" and "parabolic arcs" and microwave observations of "cold dust cirrus" clouds are observed at 15 - 20 K temperatures are till now not considered in a unifying picture. Aims: The theory of gravitational hydrodynamics predicts galactic dark matter arises from Jeans clusters that are made up of almost a trillion micro brown dwarfs (mBDs) of earth weight. It is intended to explain the aforementioned anomalous observations and to make predictions within this framework. Methods: We employ analytical isothermal modeling to estimate various effects. Results: Estimates of their total number show that they comprise enough mass to constitute the missing baryonic matter. Mysterious radio events are explained by mBD pair merging in the Galaxy. The "dust" temperature of cold galaxy halos arises from a thermostat setting due to a slow release of latent heat at the 14 K gas to solid transition at the mBD surface. The proportionality of the central black hole mass of a galaxy and its number of globular clusters is explained. The visibility of an early galaxy at redshift 8.6 is obvious with most hydrogen locked up in mBDs. Conclusions: Numerical simulations of various steps would further test the approach. It looks promising to redo MACHO searches against the Magellanic clouds.Comment: 12 pages A&A tex, 3 pdf figure

The Mass Function of Primordial Rogue Planet MACHOs in quasar nanolensing

The recent Sumi et al (2010, 2011) detection of free roaming planet mass MACHOs in cosmologically significant numbers recalls their original detection in quasar microlening studies (Schild 1996, Colley and Schild 2003). We consider the microlensing signature of such a population, and find that the nano-lensing (microlensing) would be well characterized by a statistical microlensing theory published previously by Refsdal and Stabel (1991). Comparison of the observed First Lens microlensing amplitudes with the theoretical prediction gives close agreement and a methodology for determining the slope of the mass function describing the population. Our provisional estimate of the power law exponent in an exponential approximation to this distribution is $2.98^{+1.0}_{-0.5}.$ where a Salpeter slope is 2.35.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figur

A pedestrian approach to the high energy limits of branes and other gravitational systems

In this article we study limits of models that contain a dimensionful parameter such as the mass of the relativistic point-particle. The limits are analogous to the massless limit of the particle and may be thought of as high energy limits. We present the ideas and work through several examples in a (hopefully) pedagogical manner. Along the way we derive several new results.Comment: 19 pages, 1 figur

Bose-Einstein condensed supermassive black holes: a case of renormalized quantum field theory in curved space-time

This paper investigates the question whether a realistic black hole can be in principal similar to a star, having a large but finite redshift at its horizon. If matter spreads throughout the interior of a supermassive black hole with mass $M\sim10^9M_\odot$, it has an average density comparable to air and it may arise from a Bose-Einstein condensate of densely packed H-atoms. Within the Relativistic Theory of Gravitation with a positive cosmological constant, a bosonic quantum field describing H atoms is coupled to the curvature scalar with dimensionless coupling $\xi$. In the Bose-Einstein condensed groundstate an exact, self-consistent solution for the metric occurs for a certain large value of $\xi$, quadratic in the black hole mass. It is put forward that $\xi$ is set by proper choice of the background metric as a first step of a renormalization approach, while otherwise the non-linearities are small. The black hole has a hair, the binding energy. Fluctuations about the ground state are considered.Comment: 18 pages Latex Physica E styl

Why don't clumps of cirrus dust gravitationally collapse?

We consider the Herschel-Planck infrared observations of presumed condensations of interstellar material at a measured temperature of approximately 14 K (Juvela et al., 2012), the triple point temperature of hydrogen. The standard picture is challenged that the material is cirrus-like clouds of ceramic dust responsible for Halo extinction of cosmological sources (Finkbeiner, Davis, and Schlegel 1999). Why would such dust clouds not collapse gravitationally to a point on a gravitational free-fall time scale of $10^8$ years? Why do the particles not collide and stick together, as is fundamental to the theory of planet formation (Blum 2004; Blum and Wurm, 2008) in pre-solar accretion discs? Evidence from 3.3 $\mu$m and UIB emissions as well as ERE (extended red emission) data point to the dominance of PAH-type macromolecules for cirrus dust, but such fractal dust will not spin in the manner of rigid grains (Draine & Lazarian, 1998). IRAS dust clouds examined by Herschel-Planck are easily understood as dark matter Proto-Globular-star-Cluster (PGC) clumps of primordial gas planets, as predicted by Gibson (1996) and observed by Schild (1996).Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, Conference FQMT'1

Characterization of granite matrix porosity and pore-space geometry by in situ and laboratory methods

Most available studies of interconnected matrix porosity of crystalline rocks are based on laboratory investigations; that is, work on samples that have undergone stress relaxation and were affected by drilling and sample preparation. The extrapolation of the results to in situ conditions is therefore associated with considerable uncertainty, and this was the motivation to conduct the ‘in situ Connected Porosity' experiment at the Grimsel Test Site (Central Swiss Alps). An acrylic resin doped with fluorescent agents was used to impregnate the microporous granitic matrix in situ around an injection borehole, and samples were obtained by overcoring. The 3-D structure of the pore-space, represented by microcracks, was studied by U-stage fluorescence microscopy. Petrophysical methods, including the determination of porosity, permeability and P-wave velocity, were also applied. Investigations were conducted both on samples that were impregnated in situ and on non-impregnated samples, so that natural features could be distinguished from artefacts. The investigated deformed granites display complex microcrack populations representing a polyphase deformation at varying conditions. The crack population is dominated by open cleavage cracks in mica and grain boundary cracks. The porosity of non-impregnated samples lies slightly above 1 per cent, which is 2-2.5 times higher than the in situ porosity obtained for impregnated samples. Measurements of seismic velocities (Vp) on spherical rock samples as a function of confining pressure, spatial direction and water saturation for both non-impregnated and impregnated samples provide further constraints on the distinction between natural and induced crack types. The main conclusions are that (1) an interconnected network of microcracks exists in the whole granitic matrix, irrespective of the distance to ductile and brittle shear zones, and (2) conventional laboratory methods overestimate the matrix porosity. Calculations of contaminant transport through fractured media often rely on matrix diffusion as a retardation mechanis

Turbulence and turbulent mixing in natural fluids

Turbulence and turbulent mixing in natural fluids begins with big bang turbulence powered by spinning combustible combinations of Planck particles and Planck antiparticles. Particle prograde accretions on a spinning pair releases 42% of the particle rest mass energy to produce more fuel for turbulent combustion. Negative viscous stresses and negative turbulence stresses work against gravity, extracting mass-energy and space-time from the vacuum. Turbulence mixes cooling temperatures until strong-force viscous stresses freeze out turbulent mixing patterns as the first fossil turbulence. Cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropies show big bang turbulence fossils along with fossils of weak plasma turbulence triggered as plasma photon-viscous forces permit gravitational fragmentation on supercluster to galaxy mass scales. Turbulent morphologies and viscous-turbulent lengths appear as linear gas-proto-galaxy-clusters in the Hubble ultra-deep-field at z~7. Proto-galaxies fragment into Jeans-mass-clumps of primordial-gas-planets at decoupling: the dark matter of galaxies. Shortly after the plasma to gas transition, planet-mergers produce stars that explode on overfeeding to fertilize and distribute the first life.Comment: 23 pages 12 figures, Turbulent Mixing and Beyond 2009 International Center for Theoretical Physics conference, Trieste, Italy. Revision according to Referee comments. Accepted for Physica Scripta Topical Issue to be published in 201