Dressing the nucleon in a dispersion approach

We present a model for dressing the nucleon propagator and vertices. In the model the use of a K-matrix approach (unitarity) and dispersion relations (analyticity) are combined. The principal application of the model lies in pion-nucleon scattering where we discuss effects of the dressing on the phase shifts.Comment: 17 pages, using REVTeX, 6 figure

Liquid biopsy for improving diagnosis and monitoring of CNS lymphomas:A RANO review

BACKGROUND: The utility of liquid biopsies is well documented in several extracranial and intracranial (brain/leptomeningeal metastases, gliomas) tumors. METHODS: The RANO (Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology) group has set up a multidisciplinary Task Force to critically review the role of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-liquid biopsy in CNS lymphomas, with a main focus on primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL). RESULTS: Several clinical applications are suggested: diagnosis of PCNSL in critical settings (elderly or frail patients, deep locations, and steroid responsiveness), definition of minimal residual disease, early indication of tumor response or relapse following treatments, and prediction of outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Thus far, no clinically validated circulating biomarkers for managing both primary and secondary CNS lymphomas exist. There is need of standardization of biofluid collection, choice of analytes, and type of technique to perform the molecular analysis. The various assays should be evaluated through well-organized central testing within clinical trials.</p

Liquid biopsy for improving diagnosis and monitoring of CNS lymphomas:A RANO review

BACKGROUND: The utility of liquid biopsies is well documented in several extracranial and intracranial (brain/leptomeningeal metastases, gliomas) tumors. METHODS: The RANO (Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology) group has set up a multidisciplinary Task Force to critically review the role of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-liquid biopsy in CNS lymphomas, with a main focus on primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL). RESULTS: Several clinical applications are suggested: diagnosis of PCNSL in critical settings (elderly or frail patients, deep locations, and steroid responsiveness), definition of minimal residual disease, early indication of tumor response or relapse following treatments, and prediction of outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Thus far, no clinically validated circulating biomarkers for managing both primary and secondary CNS lymphomas exist. There is need of standardization of biofluid collection, choice of analytes, and type of technique to perform the molecular analysis. The various assays should be evaluated through well-organized central testing within clinical trials.</p

Genomic analysis of two phlebotomine sand fly vectors of Leishmania from the New and Old World.

Phlebotomine sand flies are of global significance as important vectors of human disease, transmitting bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens, including the kinetoplastid parasites of the genus Leishmania, the causative agents of devastating diseases collectively termed leishmaniasis. More than 40 pathogenic Leishmania species are transmitted to humans by approximately 35 sand fly species in 98 countries with hundreds of millions of people at risk around the world. No approved efficacious vaccine exists for leishmaniasis and available therapeutic drugs are either toxic and/or expensive, or the parasites are becoming resistant to the more recently developed drugs. Therefore, sand fly and/or reservoir control are currently the most effective strategies to break transmission. To better understand the biology of sand flies, including the mechanisms involved in their vectorial capacity, insecticide resistance, and population structures we sequenced the genomes of two geographically widespread and important sand fly vector species: Phlebotomus papatasi, a vector of Leishmania parasites that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis, (distributed in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa) and Lutzomyia longipalpis, a vector of Leishmania parasites that cause visceral leishmaniasis (distributed across Central and South America). We categorized and curated genes involved in processes important to their roles as disease vectors, including chemosensation, blood feeding, circadian rhythm, immunity, and detoxification, as well as mobile genetic elements. We also defined gene orthology and observed micro-synteny among the genomes. Finally, we present the genetic diversity and population structure of these species in their respective geographical areas. These genomes will be a foundation on which to base future efforts to prevent vector-borne transmission of Leishmania parasites

Nível crítico e resposta das culturas ao potássio em um Argissolo sob sistema plantio direto Critical level and crop yield response to potassium in a typic Hapludalf under no-tillage

O nível crítico de potássio usado para a recomendação de adubação em solos do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina com CTC a pH 7,0 entre 5,1 e 15,0 cmol c dm-3 é de 60 mg dm-3, embora tenha sido de 80 mg dm-3 até 2002. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de validar o nível crítico de potássio adotado, nas culturas da soja, do milho e do sorgo. O trabalho foi composto por dois experimentos, instalados na área experimental do Departamento de Solos da UFSM sobre um Argissolo Vermelho distrófico arênico. O primeiro experimento foi instalado em 1991 e realizado até 2002, ocasião em que foram aplicadas quatros doses de potássio (0, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1 de K2O), na parcela, a cada quatro anos, e reaplicados 60 kg ha-1 de K2O, nas subparcelas, em 0, 1, 2, ou 3 anos. O segundo experimento foi realizado de 1995 a 2002 e os tratamentos constaram de cinco doses de potássio (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg ha-1 ano-1 de K2O). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o nível crítico de potássio extraído com Mehlich-1 no Argissolo estudado foi de 42 mg dm-3. Para estes solos, com a utilização do novo nível crítico estabelecido pela Comissão de Química e Fertilidade do Solo - RS/SC, foi possível atingir mais de 95 % do rendimento máximo das culturas.<br>The critical potassium level for fertilizer recommendation for soils in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC) with CEC from 5.1 to 15 cmol c dm-3 is 60 mg dm-3. However, until 2002 concentrations of 80 mg dm-3 had been used. Two experiments were carried out on an experimental area of the Department of Soil Science of the Federal University of Santa Maria (RS-Brazil) on a Sandy Typic Hapludalf under no-tillage. The objective of the study was to evaluate critical potassium levels for fertilizer recommendations for soybean, maize and sorghum. The first experiment was set up in 1991 and carried out until 2002. The main plot treatments were the application of 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1 K2O every four years, and split-plot treatments were the reapplication of 60 kg of K2O in 0, 1, 2, or 3 years. The second experiment was carried out from 1995 to 2002 and the treatments were 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1 year-1 K2O. Results showed that the critical potassium level extracted with Mehlich-1 solution is 42 mg dm-3. When using the critical potassium level established by the Regional Soil Chemistry and Fertility Commission in these soils it is possible to reach over 95% of the maximum crop yield