A systematic evaluation of bioelectrical impedance measurement after hemodialysis session

n/

Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score and the risk of mortality or impaired physical function in stroke patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Aims: The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is a tool for assessing the risk of malnutrition (undernutrition) that can be calculated from albumin concentration, total peripheral lymphocyte count, and total cholesterol concentration. CONUT score has been proposed as a promising prognostic marker in several clinical settings; however, a consensus on its prognostic value in patients with stroke is lacking. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the relationship between CONUT score and clinical outcomes in patients with stroke based on all current available studies. Data synthesis: Systematic research on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science from inception to February 2023 was performed on the association between CONUT score and clinical outcomes in patients with stroke. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses were followed. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool. Pooled effect estimation was calculated by a random-effect model. Through the initial literature search, 15 studies (all high-quality) including 16 929 patients were found to be eligible and analysed in the meta-analysis. A significant risk of malnutrition (in most studies defined by a CONUT score ≥5) was directly associated with mortality, higher risk of poor functional outcome according to the modified Rankin Scale and total infection development. Evidence was consistent for acute ischaemic stroke and preliminary for acute haemorrhagic stroke. Conclusion: CONUT score is an independent prognostic indicator, and it is associated with major disability and infection development during hospitalisation. Prospero id: CRD42022306560

Are Raw BIA Variables Useful for Predicting Resting Energy Expenditure in Adults with Obesity?

This study aimed to develop and validate new predictive equations for resting energy expenditure (REE) in a large sample of subjects with obesity also considering raw variables from bioimpedance-analysis (BIA). A total of 2225 consecutive obese outpatients were recruited and randomly assigned to calibration (n = 1680) and validation (n = 545) groups. Subjects were also split into three subgroups according to their body mass index (BMI). The new predictive equations were generated using two models: Model 1 with age, weight, height, and BMI as predictors, and Model 2 in which raw BIA variables (bioimpedance-index and phase angle) were added. Our results showed that REE was directly correlated with all anthropometric and raw-BIA variables, while the correlation with age was inverse. All the new predictive equations were effective in estimating REE in both sexes and in the different BMI subgroups. Accuracy at the individual level was high for specific group-equation especially in subjects with BMI > 50 kg/m². Therefore, new equations based on raw-BIA variables were as accurate as those based on anthropometry. Equations developed for BMI categories did not substantially improve REE prediction, except for subjects with a BMI > 50 kg/m². Further studies are required to verify the application of those formulas and the role of raw-BIA variables for predicting REE

Comparison of bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived phase angle in individuals with different weight status

Objective: Obesity is characterized not only by an increase of fat mass but also by alterations in skeletal muscle. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA)-derived phase angle (PhA) may provide specific information on the inherent characteristics of fat-free mass, and is widely used as an index of poor nutritional status. The aim of this study was to describe whether and to what extent PhA varies depending on age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) in individuals with different weight status. Methods: We selected 1877 participants for this retrospective study (two weight status groups): 983 individuals with obesity (age 40 ± 13.9 y; BMI 39.5 ± 7.2 kg/m²) and 894 controls (age 40 ± 13.3 y; BMI 24.6 ± 2.7 kg/m²). Anthropometry and PhA at 50 kHz for the whole body were performed in all participants. Results: PhA was greater in men than in women, although a decline of PhA was observed with age, which was linear in women and occurred in men after 40 y of age. On the other hand, no significant differences were observed with increasing BMI in either sex; lower values might be observed when BMI >50 kg/m². Conclusions: A more detailed appraisal of BIA-derived PhA in obesity is reported in the present study, providing basic data that might be taken into consideration in prevention and clinical nutrition. Further studies are needed to explore differences of PhA in individuals with different weight status

Prediction of body composition in anorexia nervosa: Results from a retrospective study

Summary Background & aims The assessment of body composition is crucial in evaluating nutritional status in female subjects with anorexia nervosa (AN) and improving their clinical management. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the accuracy of selected BIA (bioimpedance analysis) equations for fat-free mass (FFM) in female AN subjects and to formulate a specific equation for these subjects. Methods Eighty-two restrictive female AN subjects (age 20.5 ± 3.7 yrs, BMI 15.7 ± 1.7 kg/m 2 ) were studied. Body composition was determined with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and estimated by BIA using five different equations. Linear correlation analysis was carried out to evaluate the association of FFM with selected variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to formulate specific equations to predict FFM in AN. Results All predictive equations underestimated FFM at the population level with a bias from −5.6 to −11.7%, while the percentage of accurate predictions varied from 12.2% to 35.4%. More interestingly, multiple regression analysis clearly indicates that, in addition to weight, ZI 100 or RI also emerged as independent predictors of DXA-derived FFM, increasing the prediction power of the equation well above that observed with anthropometric characteristics only. Conclusions This study shows that the selected predictive BIA equations considered exhibit an insufficient accuracy at the population and the individual level. Predictive formulas based on body weight plus BIA parameters such as RI and ZI 100 offer a rather accurate prediction of FFM (with high R squared)

Dynapenia is highly prevalent in older patients with advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Body composition and muscle strength are emerging aspects in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) clinical assessment. We aimed to study the relationships of handgrip strength (HGS) with anthropometric variables, body composition, and disease staging, and to evaluate the prevalence of dynapenia in 102 clinically stable IPF patients (70 M; mean age: 69.4 years). Fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle (SM) were estimated with bioimpedance analysis. HGS was measured with a digital handle dynamometer for both dominant and non-dominant body sides. Dynapenia was identified according to six recognized criteria sets. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.2 ± 4.7 kg/m2, with a prevalence of overweight (BMI > 25 and < 30 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) of 35% and 37%, respectively. FFM and SM were greater in males, whereas percentage body fat was higher in women. HGS was higher and declined with age slightly more rapidly in men, showing a stronger correlation with FFM and SM. Dynapenia prevalence ranged from 20.6 to 56.9%, depending on the criteria used, and was more frequent in older patients and advanced disease. Dynapenia is highly prevalent in IPF. HGS is a promising proxy marker of muscle function to be used in clinical evaluation and follow-up programs

Preliminary study on the assessment of visceral adipose tissue using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was shown to be increased in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared to control subjects with comparable body mass index (BMI). Our aim was to determine the relation of VAT by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in patients with COPD by disease severity, BMI, other indices of body composition and static lung volumes. Methods: 294 COPD patients admitted for rehabilitation were studied. Lung function, static lung volumes and body composition (i.e. BMI, waist circumference, fat-free mass, fat mass and fat distribution between android and gynoid fat mass) were assessed before entering pulmonary rehabilitation. VAT was estimated within the android region by using DEXA. Patients were stratified for gender, BMI (cut-off of 25 kg/m2) and GOLD stage. To assess the impact of VAT on lung volumes, patients were also stratified for VAT less and above 50th percentile. Results: Both male and female patients with more severe airflow limitation had significantly lower VAT values, but these differences disappeared after stratification for BMI. VAT was significantly and strongly correlated with other body composition parameters (all p < 0.001). Patients with moderate to severe airflow limitation and lower VAT had increased static lung hyperinflation and lower diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. Nevertheless, multivariate stepwise regression models including for BMI, age, gender and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) as confounders did not confirm an independent role for VAT on static lung hyperinflation and diffusion capacity. Conclusion: After stratification for BMI, VAT is comparable in moderate to very severe COPD patients. Furthermore, BMI and demographics, but not VAT, were independent predictors of static lung hyperinflation and diffusing capacity in COPD

Effects of different maturity stages on antioxidant content of Ivorian Gnagnan (Solanum indicum L.) berries

Gnagnan (Solanum indicum L.) is a spontaneous plant widely distributed in Ivory Coast. During ripening stages, Solanum indicum L. presents different colours (green, yellow and red) and is reported to contain several albeit poorly characterized antioxidant compounds. This paper describes in detail the antioxidant profile (ascorbic acid, carotenoids and polyphenols), antioxidant capacity (FRAP test and Folin-Ciocalteau assay) and the colour changes of Gnagnan berries at different ripening levels. Ascorbic acid content was similar in green and yellow berries, but significantly lower in red ones. Red berries showed a higher content of carotenoids compared to green and yellow ones. Regarding polyphenols, several phenolic acids and flavonoids were found in all berries. The content of caffeoylquinic acids, caffeic acid, flavonol glycosides and naringenin was higher in red berries, while the content of p-coumaric acid and feruloylquinic acids was similar among the three colours. The FRAP assay increased with the ripening process, whereas total polyphenols were similar among berries. Significant differences were found for the colorimetric indexes among products of different degrees of ripening. The present results show the important role of the ripening stage in increasing the antioxidant content of Gnagnan berrie