Od žab k ribi

This paper traces the development of "the big-fish-little-pond" effect (BFLPE), which asserts that students in high-ability classes and schools have lower academic self-concepts than their equally able counterparts in low- and mixed-ability environments. The paper begins with a description of the problem outlined in the BFLPE model and continues by examining early BFLPE research and by tracing advances in the field. Criticisms of the BFLPE are outlined and research is described that addresses these criticisms. The paper concludes by presenting suggestions for future BFLPE studies.V prispevku je predstavljen razvoj učinka "velike ribe v majhnem ribniku" (ang. Big- Fish-Little-Pond-Effect), ki ugotavlja, da imajo učenci v oddelkih na najvišjem nivoju nižjo učno samopodobo kot njihovi enako sposobni vrstniki v oddelkih na nižjih nivojih in heterogenih oddelkih. Uvodoma je v prispevku opisan izpostavljeni problem BFLPE modela, nato pa doprinosi na področju njegovega zgodnjega raziskovanja. Na osnovi raziskovalnih spoznanj je predstavljena tudi kritika BFLPE modela ter smernice oziroma predlogi za raziskovanje obravnavanega učinka v prihodnje

Multiscale Modeling Examples: New Polyelectrolyte Nanocomposite Membranes for Perspective Fuel Cells and Flow Batteries

Renewable energy production from fuel cells and energy storage in flow batteries are becoming increasingly important in the modern energy transition. Both batteries use polyelectrolyte membranes (PEMs) to allow proton transport. In this chapter, both PEMs and PEMs-based nanocomposites have been discussed using various simulational approaches. A coarse-grained model of a Nafion film capped by the substrates with variable wettability has been used to simulate nanocomposites of PEMs by classical molecular-dynamics (MD) method. Classical MD modeling results have also been reviewed for a PEM-graphene oxide nanocomposite internal structure and dynamics. Ab-initio simulations have been implemented to describe the proton transfer pathways in anhydrous PEMs. Finally, the large-scale mesoscopic simulations have been introduced to shed light on the water domain features present in the hydrated PEMs. A brief description of polybenzimidazole membrane as electrolyte and Ionic Liquids as dopants for fuel cells is also presented