Gallbladder agenesis diagnosed intra-operatively: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Agenesis of the gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly occurring in 13 to 65 people of a population of 100,000. The rarity of the condition, combined with clinical and radiologic features that are indistinguishable from those of more common biliary conditions, means that it is rarely diagnosed preoperatively, and patients undergo unnecessary operative intervention.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>This case report describes the case of a 79-year-old symptomatic Caucasian man who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for suspected choledocholithiasis despite imaging studies raising suspicion of gallbladder agenesis. Intra-operatively, the diagnosis of gallbladder agenesis and associated common bile duct stones was made.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The preoperative diagnosis of this rare condition is difficult to make. However, with advances in biliary tract imaging and with heightened awareness of this anomaly, fewer patients will need to undergo unnecessary operative intervention. The authors review the different imaging modalities available to help diagnose this condition and highlight the importance of being aware of this rare anomaly to avoid an operation that carries a high risk of iatrogenic injury.</p

Mapping Intergenerational Masculinities on Instagram

Gender identities and roles do not stand alone but rather evolve while intersecting with other traits, namely age, resulting in cross and hybrid (gender and age) identities. Media are one of the pivotal formative spaces where audiences learn role models and the way they should express and behave: Therefore, media environments influence the way one perceives and understands age and gender identities as well as expresses them publicly. Media also promote (inter)generational contexts given that different age groups organize their technological experience in their own specific ways and interact with different other generations. This article explores how masculinities are represented in the digital realm, shedding light on intergenerational dynamics and collective hashtag narratives. Specifically, this article will analyse collective narratives on Instagram through a hashtag stream, focusing specifically on representations of masculinities and how different generations interact and represent how to be, behave and express as “a man”