12 research outputs found
Therapeutic efficacy of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and chloroquine for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in pregnancy in Burkina Faso
BACKGROUND: A reduction in the therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine (CQ) and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) has recently been observed in Burkina Faso. As these two drugs are used in pregnancy, their efficacy in pregnant women was studied to directly assess the level of drug resistance in this specific population, rather than to extrapolate results of studies conducted in children < 5 years of age. METHODS: During the malaria transmission season of 2003 in Ouagadougou, the clinical efficacy of SP and CQ, using the WHO 28-day protocol, was assessed in primigravidae and secundigravidae presenting with uncomplicated malaria. RESULTS: PCR-corrected results by day 28 showed that among 62 women treated with SP, eight (12.9%) experienced late parasitological failure, but no clinical failures. Among 60 women treated with CQ, the overall failure rate was 46.7% including 1.7% early treatment failures, 5% late clinical failures and 40% late parasitological failures. SP induced a haemoglobin gain of 0.3 g/dL by day 14 and 0.9 g/dL by day 28. Treatment responses were independent of gravidity, gestational age and prior antenatal care visits. CONCLUSION: While CQ should no longer be used, the efficacy of SP is still compatible with use for intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) in pregnancy. However, given the possible spread of resistance, the drug should be restricted in its use
Multimorbidity and use of hypnotic and anxiolytic drugs: cross-sectional and follow-up study in primary healthcare in Iceland
In vitro susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to monodesethylamodiaquine, quinine, mefloquine and halofantrine in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)
Background: Malaria is the primary cause of hospitalization in
Cτte d′Ivoire. Early treatment is one of the strategies to
control this illness. However, the spread of resistance of Plasmodium
falciparum to antimalarial drugs can seriously compromise this
strategy. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro
susceptibility of P. falciparum to monodesethylamodiaquine and
aminoalcohols in Abidjan (Cτte d′Ivoire). Methods: We
assessed the in vitro susceptibility of isolates collected from
patients with uncomplicated malaria by using the WHO optical microtest
technique. Results: The proportions of resistance to
monodesethylamodiaquine, mιfloquine and halofantrine were 12.5%,
15.6% and 25.9%, respectively. For quinine, none of isolates showed
evidence of in vitro resistance. However, two isolates (6.1%) had IC 50
values above 300 nM. The IC 50 of each drug was positively and
significantly correlated to that of the other three drugs, and the
correlation was higher between halofantrine and mefloquine.
Conclusions: Our results showed that the in vitro chloroquine
resistance reported in previous studies has been extended to other
antimalarial drugs investigated in this study except for quinine.
Therefore, it is necessary to implement a long-term monitoring system
of antimalarial drug resistance
Prevalence of prescribed opioid claims among persons with nontraumatic spinal cord dysfunction in Ontario, Canada: a population-based retrospective cohort study
Effects and relationships of compost type, aeration and brewing time on compost tea properties, efficacy against Pythium ultimum
Microbial inhibitors of the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causal agent of white-nose syndrome in bats
Compost tea-mediated induction of resistance in biocontrol of strawberry Verticillium wilt
Linking surface hydrodynamics to planktonic ecosystem: the case study of the ichthyoplanktonic assemblages in the Central Mediterranean Sea
Oceanographic processes play a key role in influencing the structure of the marine planktonic ecosystems. Taking advantage of the quasi-simulta-neous collection of a large ichthyoplanktonic dataset in different regions of the Central Mediterranean Sea (Italian/Maltese, Tunisian and Libyan waters), this study aimed at the identification of the main environ-mental drivers that control the structure of the larval fish assemblages. Spatial distribution and taxa com-position were related to physical forcings (geostrophic currents and wind stress) and environmental condi-tions (bottom depth, temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a concentration). ANOSIM and SIMPER identified contribution of fish taxa to the average Bray–Curtis dissimilarity among regions. In Italian and Libyan waters, two assemblages (neritic and oceanic) were identified, while a mixed assemblage characterized only some stations. Two neritic and one oceanic assemblages were discriminated in Tunisian waters. Random Forest classification model high-lighted the essential role of the bathymetry, while Lagrangian simulations evidenced the action of the hydrodynamics in mixing neritic and oceanic assem-blages in the Italian/Maltese and partially in Libyan waters. These findings highlighted the importance of the multidisciplinary approach and shed light on the potential value of the ichthyoplanktonic surveys for the assessment of the state of the marine ecosystem and the conservation of the fishery resources