The Effect of ZnO Addition on Microstructure, Phase and Color Developments of Copper Reduction Glaze

In this research, the effects of Zn on microstructure and color developments of the copper reduction glaze were investigated. Structural and colorimetric characteristics of the glaze surface are examined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Telespectrophotometery. Results indicate in samples consisted of more than 7 % of zinc amount, crystalline structures containing Willemite and synthesized copper. XRD indicate that, 14 wt% of zinc oxide is enough to form Willemite. In all samples, duration of process was sufficient to form the metallic particles. SEM images confirm presence of copper nanosphere-laths of Willemite and surrounding glaze

Influence of grain phase on microstructure and corrosion of low cement castable refractories

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN049031 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

EFFECT OF A FOURTH COMPONENT (Na2O, SrO, MgO AND BaO) ADDITION TO CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 SYNTHETIC SLAG ON SULFUR REMOVAL FROM PLAIN CARBON STEEL

In this paper, the effect of MgO, BaO, Na 2 O and SrO addition to a pre-melted CaO-Al2O3 -Si 2 O synthetic slag on sulfur removal from plain carbon steel was studied under the same experimental conditions. The slags were pre-melted at 1400°C in an electric resistant furnace and desulfurization experiments were carried out in a high frequency induction furnace. The results showed that the optimum reaction time for desulfurization was 15 min. It was found that while SrO addition to the ternary slag enhances the sulfur removal capability, MgO, Na 2O and BaO additions reduce desulfurization efficiency of the ternary slag. Moreover, it was observed that restricting access to oxygen from the atmosphere by using a covered crucible, could increase desulfurization efficiency of the slag by more than two fol

MICROSTRUCTURE CHARACTERISTIC OF ALUMINUM TITANATE SYNTHESIED BY BOTH SOLID- STATE AND SOL-GEL PROCESSES

A comparing study on formation and microstructure features of aluminum titanate is investigated through both solid-state and sol-gel processes. Aluminum titanate formed by firing at 1350ºC and 1450ºC for 4h in solid-state process. In the sol-gel process formation of submicron sized particles is followed by addition of sucrose into the transparent sol. XRD analysis was confirmed the formation of aluminum titanate at 1400ºC  in lower duration of calcination (3h) without any additives in the sol-gel process. In this work 2wt% MgO is added to the samples as the additive for forming acceleration of aluminum titanate. The influence of MgO addition and heat treatment are studied on phase formation and microstructure development of aluminum titanate in both procedures. Additive optimizes aluminum titanate formation at lower temperatures (1300-1350ºC). Phase and microstructure studies of Mg containing samples optimally show significance in aluminum titanate formation

Concretos refratários engenheirados com expansão controlada para panelas de siderurgia Engineered refractory castables with controlled expansion for molten steel ladles

A seleção de revestimentos refratários para a siderurgia é dependente de fatores termodinâmicos e microestruturais. O emprego de óxidos termodinamicamente estáveis, como a alumina e a magnésia, é fundamental para o aumento de vida útil do produto, por meio da melhoria na resistência à corrosão. Em temperaturas elevadas, estes óxidos reagem entre si, resultando na formação de espinélio, um composto quimicamente adequado para o contato com escórias agressivas. Apesar desta vantagem, um extenso controle da espinelização in-situ é necessário, uma vez que esta reação possui caráter expansivo, podendo danificar a integridade estrutural do material. Deste modo, o objetivo deste trabalho é a análise do efeito das matérias-primas que constituem a matriz de concretos espinelizados sob a expansão residual resultante. Por meio deste estudo, concretos com microestruturas engenheiradas podem ser projetados, associando benefícios como elevada resistência à corrosão, devido à presença de espinélio, e tenacificação do sistema, decorrente de um estado de compressão gerado no revestimento da panela relacionado à expansão obtida em um espaço constrito. Sendo assim, concretos refratários adequados para esta aplicação podem ser produzidos, possibilitando vantagens econômicas associadas a um superior desempenho do revestimento refratário.<br>Thermodynamics and microstructural analysis are of utmost importance to choose the best refractory lining for molten steel containers. In order to extend ladle lining life, thermodynamically stable oxides, such as alumina and magnesia, are essential. At higher temperatures, the in-situ reaction between these two oxides leads to the formation of spinel, which has an outstanding corrosion resistance. Due to this reaction, alumina-magnesia castables are liable to a great volume expansion. Because of this, controlling the spinel formation is fundamental to keep the integrity of the material. The extent to which this reaction affects the properties of these castables depends on the matrix raw materials. Considering this aspect, the aim of this study is to design a residual expansion based on previously engineered microstructure. Consequently, the association of chemical resistance and an excellent toughening mechanism can be attained, resulting in materials with better performance