Caracterización de las explotaciones lecheras de La Pampa

En la cuenca lechera de la provincia de la Pampa, al igual que en el resto de las cuencas argentinas, existe un proceso de concentración de la producción, con reducción en la cantidad de establecimientos y aumento de la producción de leche. El conocimiento de la variabilidad de la estructura productiva como indicador estratégico permitirá implementar acciones de investigación y desarrollo para la permanencia de las explotaciones en el sector lechero. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la estructura productiva de los establecimientos lecheros de la provincia de La Pampa. Durante el año 2017, se encuestaron 45 explotaciones distribuidos en las tres cuencas, norte, centro y sur de la provincia de La Pampa. En promedio las explotaciones lecheras producen 3.509,82 Lts/día ± 1.040,61 (C.V. 198,89%) en una superficie ganadera de 215,20 ha ± 57,90 (C.V.180,47%) con un total de vacas de 201,78 ± 58,00 (C.V. 192,83%). La mortalidad en la cría fue de 5,42% ± 0,38 (C.V. 47,26) superior al 3% recomendado y la edad al primer parto de 26,6 meses ± 0,35 (C.V. 8,87) levemente superior al intervalo de 24 – 26 meses destacado como óptimo para no acrecentar los costos por tiempo ocioso. La producción de leche hallada concuerda con un sistema de producción pastoril, como el que predomina en La Pampa, con variables factibles de mejorar tales como las halladas en mortandad de la cría y edad al primer part

Erosionsprobleme in Einzugsgebieten suedlich von Rio Cuarto (Argentinien)

SIGLETIB: in RA 547 (55)+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

The significance of cortisol on acclimation to salinity in pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis Importância do cortisol na aclimatação a salinidade em peixe-rei Odontesthes bonariensis

The role of cortisol on the osmoregulation of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis at different salinities was investigated in adult fish injected with 0.7mg hydrocortisone per 100g body weight of fish, and transferred to 0, 5 and 20ppt of NaCl. Blood cortisol was 566ng/ml at the beginning of the experiment (0h) but surged to 1250ng/ml within 3h in cortisol-injected fish. Cortisol levels were influenced not only by treatment but also by time, being higher at 3h compared to 24h. Salinity level, time of exposure and their interaction, but not cortisol treatment, significantly affected plasma osmolality and the concentration of ions Cl- and Na+. This study showed that exogenous cortisol does not seem to play a significant role on the regulation of plasma osmolality and concentration of individual ions in pejerrey.<br>Investigou-se a participação do cortisol na osmoregulação de peixe-rei Odontesthes bonariensis, em diferentes salinidades, em peixes adultos injetados com 0,7mg hidrocortisona por 100g de peso corporal, e transferidos para 0, 5 e 20ppt de NaCl. No inicio do experimento (0h), o cortisol encontrado no plasma foi de 566ng/ml, aumentando para 1250ng/ml em 3h em peixes injetados com cortisol. A concentração de cortisol foi influenciada não somente pelo tratamento, mas também pelo tempo, sendo maior 3h após a inoculação, comparada à 24h. A salinidade, o tempo de exposição e a interação desses dois fatores, mas não o tratamento com o cortisol, afetaram significativamente a osmolaridade e a concentração dos íons Cl- e Na+ do plasma. Este estudo mostrou que, o cortisol exógeno não influi significativamente na regulação da osmolaridade e da concentração de íons Na+ e Cl- no plasma em peixe-rei

Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease

BACKGROUND: Experimental and clinical data suggest that reducing inflammation without affecting lipid levels may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis has remained unproved. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of canakinumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-1β, involving 10,061 patients with previous myocardial infarction and a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level of 2 mg or more per liter. The trial compared three doses of canakinumab (50 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg, administered subcutaneously every 3 months) with placebo. The primary efficacy end point was nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. RESULTS: At 48 months, the median reduction from baseline in the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level was 26 percentage points greater in the group that received the 50-mg dose of canakinumab, 37 percentage points greater in the 150-mg group, and 41 percentage points greater in the 300-mg group than in the placebo group. Canakinumab did not reduce lipid levels from baseline. At a median follow-up of 3.7 years, the incidence rate for the primary end point was 4.50 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group, 4.11 events per 100 person-years in the 50-mg group, 3.86 events per 100 person-years in the 150-mg group, and 3.90 events per 100 person-years in the 300-mg group. The hazard ratios as compared with placebo were as follows: in the 50-mg group, 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.07; P=0.30); in the 150-mg group, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.98; P=0.021); and in the 300-mg group, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.99; P=0.031). The 150-mg dose, but not the other doses, met the prespecified multiplicity-adjusted threshold for statistical significance for the primary end point and the secondary end point that additionally included hospitalization for unstable angina that led to urgent revascularization (hazard ratio vs. placebo, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.95; P=0.005). Canakinumab was associated with a higher incidence of fatal infection than was placebo. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio for all canakinumab doses vs. placebo, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.06; P=0.31). CONCLUSIONS: Antiinflammatory therapy targeting the interleukin-1β innate immunity pathway with canakinumab at a dose of 150 mg every 3 months led to a significantly lower rate of recurrent cardiovascular events than placebo, independent of lipid-level lowering. Copyright © 2017 Massachusetts Medical Society