Distribuição de água no solo sob secamento parcial do sistema radicular da Mangueira CV. Palmer.

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o método do secamento parcial do sistema radicular para a mangueira cultivar Palmer nas condições semiáridas do norte de Minas Gerais. Os tratamentos foram instalados com base na redução de 50% da lâmina bruta calculada, isto é aplicação de água em apenas um lado da fileira de plantas no tempo equivalente a aplicação nos dois lados e com base na fase fenológica da cultura. Foram feitas duas análises: uma considerando a umidade média no perfil e a outra considerando a distribuição de umidade no perfil uma hora antes da irrigação. A distribuição da disponibilidade de água em todos os pontos dos perfis foi obtida utilizando o software Surfer 7.0 (Golden Software, Inc.), apresentando gráficos dos tratamentos estudados. O teor de água disponível ao longo do perfil do solo, monitorada nos dois lados da planta pela TDR (Reflectometria no Domínio do Tempo), apresentaram valores compatíveis ao manejo com secamento parcial do sistema radicular

Detecting and mitigating adversarial examples in regression tasks: A photovoltaic power generation forecasting case study

With data collected by Internet of Things sensors, deep learning (DL) models can forecast the generation capacity of photovoltaic (PV) power plants. This functionality is especially relevant for PV power operators and users as PV plants exhibit irregular behavior related to environmental conditions. However, DL models are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which may lead to increased predictive error and wrong operational decisions. This work proposes a new scheme to detect adversarial examples and mitigate their impact on DL forecasting models. This approach is based on one-class classifiers and features extracted from the data inputted to the forecasting models. Tests were performed using data collected from a real-world PV power plant along with adversarial samples generated by the Fast Gradient Sign Method under multiple attack patterns and magnitudes. One-class Support Vector Machine and Local Outlier Factor were evaluated as detectors of attacks to Long-Short Term Memory and Temporal Convolutional Network forecasting models. According to the results, the proposed scheme showed a high capability of detecting adversarial samples with an average F1-score close to 90%. Moreover, the detection and mitigation approach strongly reduced the prediction error increase caused by adversarial samples

Screening nuclear field fluctuations in quantum dots for indistinguishable photon generation

A semiconductor quantum dot can generate highly coherent and indistinguishable single photons. However, intrinsic semiconductor dephasing mechanisms can reduce the visibility of two-photon interference. For an electron in a quantum dot, a fundamental dephasing process is the hyperfine interaction with the nuclear spin bath. Here we directly probe the consequence of the fluctuating nuclear spins on the elastic and inelastic scattered photon spectra from a resident electron in a single dot. We find the nuclear spin fluctuations lead to detuned Raman scattered photons which are distinguishable from both the elastic and incoherent components of the resonance fluorescence. This significantly reduces two-photon interference visibility. However, we demonstrate successful screening of the nuclear spin noise which enables the generation of coherent single photons that exhibit high visibility two-photon interference.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures + Supplementary Informatio

Physiological and vegetative behavior of banana cultivars under irrigation water salinity.

he purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of salinity levels of irrigation water on physiology and growth of banana cultivars during the vegetative stage. The experiment was carried out following a completely randomized design in split plots, with four levels of salinity in irrigation water (0.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1) and fourbanana cultivars (Pacovan, Prata Anã, BRS Platina and Princesa) with three repetitions. Stomatal conductance, transpiration, relative water content, leaf water potential and proline concentration were evaluated at 150 days after transplanting (DAT), besides plant height, stem diameter and leaf area. All variables showed sensitivity to the increase of salinity level of irrigation water. The results of soil water extraction, relative water content in leaf (RWC), leaf water potential and proline content differed (p ? 0.05) among the cultivars. Prata Anã and BRS Platina cultivars were the ones with lowest sensitivity, while Pacovan and BRS Princesa cultivars showed larger variation of soil water extraction and RWC with the increase in irrigation water salinity (electrical conductivity), being considered the ones of highest sensitivity to salinity in this study. Banana crop growth as a consequence of physiological effects was inhibited by the increase in water salinity, mainly in ?BRS Princesa? cultiva

Comprimentos de cabos entre TDR e multiplexadores e efeitos na determinação da umidade do solo.

A Reflectometria no Domínio do Tempo (TDR) é uma ferramenta utilizada para a determinação da umidade do solo. Objetivou-se estudar o efeito de diferentes comprimentos dos cabos RG 58, 65% malha de transmissão dos sinais eletromagnéticos entre os multiplexadores do nível 1 e 2, para determinação da umidade do solo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Irrigação da Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura Tropical utilizando o conjunto TDR, datalogger, multiplexadores e sondas artesanais. Foram utilizados cabos coaxiais de 50 Ohms condumax, com 4 mm de diâmetro. O meio utilizado foi um recipiente com solo argiloso desestruturado e úmido. Os comprimentos de cabo avaliados foram 2,00, 4,00, 6,00, 8,00, 10,00 e 12,00 m. Os resultados mostraram que quanto maior o comprimento do cabo maior foi a variação das estimativas de umidade num dado tempo e faixa de umidade. O uso de cabos com comprimento superior a 8,00 m ocasiona maiores valores absolutos, de umidade do solo ao longo do tempo, com maiores variações com o cabo de 12m

Structure and Dynamics of the Globular Cluster Palomar 13

We present Keck/DEIMOS spectroscopy and Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope/MegaCam photometry for the Milky Way globular cluster Palomar 13. We triple the number of spectroscopically confirmed members, including many repeat velocity measurements. Palomar 13 is the only known globular cluster with possible evidence for dark matter, based on a Keck/High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer 21 star velocity dispersion of σ = 2.2 ± 0.4 km s^(–1). We reproduce this measurement, but demonstrate that it is inflated by unresolved binary stars. For our sample of 61 stars, the velocity dispersion is σ = 0.7^(+0.6)_(–0.5) km s^(–1). Combining our DEIMOS data with literature values, our final velocity dispersion is σ = 0.4^(+0.4)_( –0.3) km s^(–1). We determine a spectroscopic metallicity of [Fe/H] = –1.6 ± 0.1 dex, placing a 1σ upper limit of σ_([Fe/H]) ~ 0.2 dex on any internal metallicity spread. We determine Palomar 13's total luminosity to be M_V = –2.8 ± 0.4, making it among the least luminous known globular clusters. The photometric isophotes are regular out to the half-light radius and mildly irregular outside this radius. The outer surface brightness profile slope is shallower than typical globular clusters (Σ α r^η, η = –2.8 ± 0.3). Thus at large radius, tidal debris is likely affecting the appearance of Palomar 13. Combining our luminosity with the intrinsic velocity dispersion, we find a dynamical mass of M_(1/2) = 1.3^(+2:7)_(–1.3) × 10^3 M_☉ and a mass-to-light ratio of M/L_V = 2.4^(+5.0)_(–2.4) M_☉/L_☉. Within our measurement errors, the mass-to-light ratio agrees with the theoretical predictions for a single stellar population. We conclude that, while there is some evidence for tidal stripping at large radius, the dynamical mass of Palomar 13 is consistent with its stellar mass and neither significant dark matter, nor extreme tidal heating, is required to explain the cluster dynamics

Phase transition in the massive Gross-Neveu model in toroidal topologies

We use methods of quantum field theory in toroidal topologies to study the $N$-component $D$-dimensional massive Gross-Neveu model, at zero and finite temperature, with compactified spatial coordinates. We discuss the behavior of the large-$N$ coupling constant ($g$), investigating its dependence on the compactification length ($L$) and the temperature ($T$). For all values of the fixed coupling constant ($\lambda$), we find an asymptotic-freedom type of behavior, with $g\to 0$ as $L\to 0$ and/or $T\to \infty$. At T=0, and for $\lambda \geq \lambda_{c}^{(D)}$ (the strong coupling regime), we show that, starting in the region of asymptotic freedom and increasing $L$, a divergence of $g$ appears at a finite value of $L$, signaling the existence of a phase transition with the system getting spatially confined. Such a spatial confinement is destroyed by raising the temperature. The confining length, $L_{c}^{(D)}$, and the deconfining temperature, $T_{d}^{(D)}$, are determined as functions of $\lambda$ and the mass ($m$) of the fermions, in the case of $D=2,3,4$. Taking $m$ as the constituent quark mass ($\approx 350\: MeV$), the results obtained are of the same order of magnitude as the diameter ($\approx 1.7 fm$) and the estimated deconfining temperature ($\approx 200\: MeV$) of hadrons.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Uniformidade de distribuição de água abaixo da superfície do solo irrigado por diferentes configurações de irrigação localizada.

A uniformidade de aplicação de água no solo é um dos fatores que proporcionam grandes efeitos no rendimento das culturas. Baixas produtividades normalmente são consequências de desuniformidade no processo de aplicação de água ao solo. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a distribuição de água abaixo da superfície do solo sob irrigação com microaspersores de diferentes vazões. O experimento foi realizado na fazenda Experimental do Gorutuba em Nova Porteirinha-MG, adotando-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com três tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de irrigação com três tipos de microaspersores com vazões nominais diferentes (35, 53 e 71L h-1), sendo os mesmos autocompensantes. A área do estudo é composta por um plantio de bananeira espaçada de 3,0 x 2,5m. As determinações foram realizadas em diversos pontos da área efetivamente irrigada pelo microaspersor, compondo assim uma malha de pontos distanciados de 0,5m a partir do emissor. Foram realizadas determinações da umidade do solo a 0,30m de profundidade, fazendo-se o uso da técnica da Reflectometria no Domínio do Tempo (TDR), com uso de sondas artesanais confeccionadas em laboratório. Os dados coletados foram utilizados para calcular o coeficiente de uniformidade de Critsthiansen (CUC) e o Coeficiente de Uniformidade de Distribuição (CUD). Não houve diferença estatística entre as médias do CUC, as quais variaram de 78,5% a 85,5%. As médias do CUD não diferiram estatisticamente entre si, ao nível de 5% pelo teste de Tukey, e oscilaram de 77% a 79,43%

(2,3)-Cordial Oriented Hypercubes

L. B. Beasley recently defined a digraph labeling called (2,3)-cordial. Digraphs for which a (2,3)-cordial labeling can be applied are called (2,3)-cordial digraphs. Herein, we consider the existence and identification of (2,3)-cordial oriented hypercubes. We demonstrate that for every nonzero dimension, there exists a (2,3)-cordial oriented hypercube. Additionally, we demonstrate that not all oriented hypercubes of nonzero dimension are (2,3)-cordial. Finally, we present preliminary results regarding the identification of (2,3)-cordial oriented hypercubes, particularly for dimension 3.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure