4,508 research outputs found

    Agricultura e produção de água: o enfoque hidro-agrícola.

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    É crescente a demanda por água e a visão da agropecuária como produtora de alimentos, fibras e energia, deve ser ampliada para agregar a produção de água. O agricultor .produtor de água" seria aquele que usa tecnologia e conceitos relacionados à agricultura sustentável que aumentam a infiltração de água no solo, enriquecendo o lençol freático. Dentro dessa ótica, o objetivo do trabalho foi demonstrar que práticas adequadas de manejo que possibilitem maior cobertura e estruturação do solo aumentam a infiltração e contribuem para a "produção de água". Foram utilizados dados de cinco anos (1993 a 1997) de um ensaio sobre perdas de solo e água, sob condições de chuva natural, instalado em 1989, na Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, em Sete Lagoas - MG. Os dados mostram que pastagem não degradada e plantio direto são os métodos de manejo de solo e de pasto que maiores garantias oferecem do ponto de vista de conservação de solo e água no sistema, apontando-os como estratégias para aumentar a infiltração de água no solo, garantindo a recarga e o abastecimento d'água à população. Dentro de seu sistema de produção, esse "agricultor produtor de água" deve considerar a água como um de seus insumos e também como um de seus produtos, e seu manejo adequado não pode ser considerado uma etapa independente dentro do processo de produção agrícola, devendo ser analisado dentro do contexto de- um sistema integrado. Essa visão sistêmica da gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos e da produção agrlcola, pode ser chamada de enfoque hidro-agrícola

    Structure and Dynamics of the Globular Cluster Palomar 13

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    We present Keck/DEIMOS spectroscopy and Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope/MegaCam photometry for the Milky Way globular cluster Palomar 13. We triple the number of spectroscopically confirmed members, including many repeat velocity measurements. Palomar 13 is the only known globular cluster with possible evidence for dark matter, based on a Keck/High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer 21 star velocity dispersion of σ = 2.2 ± 0.4 km s^(–1). We reproduce this measurement, but demonstrate that it is inflated by unresolved binary stars. For our sample of 61 stars, the velocity dispersion is σ = 0.7^(+0.6)_(–0.5) km s^(–1). Combining our DEIMOS data with literature values, our final velocity dispersion is σ = 0.4^(+0.4)_( –0.3) km s^(–1). We determine a spectroscopic metallicity of [Fe/H] = –1.6 ± 0.1 dex, placing a 1σ upper limit of σ_([Fe/H]) ~ 0.2 dex on any internal metallicity spread. We determine Palomar 13's total luminosity to be M_V = –2.8 ± 0.4, making it among the least luminous known globular clusters. The photometric isophotes are regular out to the half-light radius and mildly irregular outside this radius. The outer surface brightness profile slope is shallower than typical globular clusters (Σ α r^η, η = –2.8 ± 0.3). Thus at large radius, tidal debris is likely affecting the appearance of Palomar 13. Combining our luminosity with the intrinsic velocity dispersion, we find a dynamical mass of M_(1/2) = 1.3^(+2:7)_(–1.3) × 10^3 M_☉ and a mass-to-light ratio of M/L_V = 2.4^(+5.0)_(–2.4) M_☉/L_☉. Within our measurement errors, the mass-to-light ratio agrees with the theoretical predictions for a single stellar population. We conclude that, while there is some evidence for tidal stripping at large radius, the dynamical mass of Palomar 13 is consistent with its stellar mass and neither significant dark matter, nor extreme tidal heating, is required to explain the cluster dynamics

    Detection of Sand Dunes on Mars Using a Regular Vine-based Classification Approach

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    This paper deals with the problem of detecting sand dunes from remotely sensed images of the surface of Mars. We build on previous approaches that propose methods to extract informative features for the classification of the images. The intricate correlation structure exhibited by these features motivates us to propose the use of probabilistic classifiers based on R-vine distributions to address this problem. R-vines are probabilistic graphical models that combine a set of nested trees with copula functions and are able to model a wide range of pairwise dependencies. We investigate different strategies for building R-vine classifiers and compare them with several state-of-the-art classification algorithms for the identification of Martian dunes. Experimental results show the adequacy of the R-vine-based approach to solve classification problems where the interactions between the variables are of a different nature between classes and play an important role in that the classifier can distinguish the different classes

    Morfologia externa das ninfas e adultos de Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor (Hemiptera, Psyllidae).

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    Morfologia externa das ninfas e adultos de Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor (Hemiptera, Psyllidae). Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor, 1997 foi introduzida no Brasil na década de 1990 em plantios de eucalipto. Devido a importância de C. spatulata como praga de eucalipto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a morfologia externa do adulto e das ninfas, com detalhamento da ninfa de 5o ínstar. Foram observadas diferenças marcantes entre os ínstares, principalmente quanto ao tamanho e os caracteres das antenas, das pernas e do ápice do abdômen. A morfologia externa dos adultos foi apresentada com detalhamento da venação, das características das pernas e da terminália

    Quantum Chaos in the Yang-Mills-Higgs System at Finite Temperature

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    The quantum chaos in the finite-temperature Yang-Mills-Higgs system is studied. The energy spectrum of a spatially homogeneous SU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs is calculated within thermofield dynamics. Level statistics of the spectra is studied by plotting nearest-level spacing distribution histograms. It is found that finite temperature effects lead to a strengthening of chaotic effects, i.e. spectrum which has Poissonian distribution at zero temperature has Gaussian distribution at finite-temperature.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, Revte

    Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Maskell, 1890) (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) em eucaliptos no Brasil.

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    É reportada a ocorrência do psilídeo Ctenarytaina eucaypti (Maskell, 1890) (Hemiptera, Psyllidae), praga de origem Australiana, recentemente observada em Colombo, Paraná. Este psilídeo foi observado causando danos em folhas e brotações de mudas de E. dunnii. São relatados os danos, distribuição geográfica, biologia e control

    Screening nuclear field fluctuations in quantum dots for indistinguishable photon generation

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    A semiconductor quantum dot can generate highly coherent and indistinguishable single photons. However, intrinsic semiconductor dephasing mechanisms can reduce the visibility of two-photon interference. For an electron in a quantum dot, a fundamental dephasing process is the hyperfine interaction with the nuclear spin bath. Here we directly probe the consequence of the fluctuating nuclear spins on the elastic and inelastic scattered photon spectra from a resident electron in a single dot. We find the nuclear spin fluctuations lead to detuned Raman scattered photons which are distinguishable from both the elastic and incoherent components of the resonance fluorescence. This significantly reduces two-photon interference visibility. However, we demonstrate successful screening of the nuclear spin noise which enables the generation of coherent single photons that exhibit high visibility two-photon interference.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures + Supplementary Informatio
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