Simulation of extreme temperature over Odisha during May 2015

An extreme temperature event (heat wave) over the state of Odisha was unique as it lasted for about 2 weeks in the 3rd and 4th weeks of May 2015. There was a similar severe heat wave in western and central Odisha in the month of April 1998. The interesting feature of the recent episodic heat wave is that it prevailed in the late pre-monsoon season with wider spread in the state of Odisha. Around 12–15 cities experienced a daily maximum temperature of over 45 °C during the strong heat wave period, and 25th −27th May was declared as the red box zone. In this study, we first analysed the intense summer temperature of 2015 May using India Meteorological Department observations of daily maximum temperature. The observed heat wave phenomenon was then simulated using the Weather Research and Forecast Model (WRFV3) at 2-km horizontal resolution to assess its ability to forecast such a rare event. The observational analysis clearly indicated that this episodic event was unique both in terms of intensity, geographical spread and duration. An optimized configuration of the WRF model is proposed and implemented for the simulation of the episodic heat wave phenomenon (daily maximum temperature) over the state of Odisha. The time-ensemble simulation of the temperature is shown to be in close agreement with the station-scale observations

Synthesis, Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activities of Some Novel Pyrazoline Derivatives

Purpose: Microbial infections often produce pain and inflammation. Chemotherapeutic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed simultaneously in normal practice. The compound possessing all three activities is not common.The purpose of the present study was to examine whether molecular modification might result in detection of new potential antirheumatic drugs having antimicrobial activities. Method: A series of novel 4-(5'-substituted aryl-4',5'-dihydropyrazole-3'-yl-amino) phenols 2a-f have been synthesized by treating substituted aryl-N-chalconyl amino phenols 1a-f with hydrazine hydrate. The starting materials were synthesized from p-aminoacetophenone. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1 H NMR spectral data. The synthesized compounds were investigated for analgesic, antinflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Result: The data reported in Tables 2, 3 & 4 shows that effect of variation in chemical structure on activity was rather unpredictable. Seldom did a particular structural modification lead to uniform alteration in activity in all tests. The substitution which appeared to be most important for high order of activity in the greatest number of test was the p-choloroaryl group. The introduction of p-nitro and phydroxy group in aryl moiety of the pyrazole analogs 2c and 2e produce compounds with potent analgesic, anti-inflamatory and, in a few cases, antimicrobial properties. Conclusion: The observed increase in analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities are attributed to the presence of 4-NO2 , 2-OH and 4-Cl in phenyl ring at 5-position of pyrazoline ring of synthesized compounds. In some cases their activities are equal or more potent than the standard drugs