Contribution à l’évaluation de l’impact de la filière de l’huile d’argane sur l’autonomisation des coopératives féminines de production dans la province de Tiznit

The dynamics Morocco faced, around local products, including the argan tree, pushed us to focus on cooperatives of production of argan oil, as social and solidarity economy organizations, which promote economic diversity and social inclusion of women. The argan tree represents a natural resource of high value of solidarity anchored in the traditions and the customs of the local populations, in particular the women. Its exploitation is part of a chain where the women’s argan cooperatives occupy an important place in its structure. From the need to examine, their effects on the Empowerment of the women involved, as well as to estimate their profitability and their viability. To achieve these goals, we conducted our study at the level of the women’s argan cooperatives in Tiznit. We proceeded by a decortication of the Empowerment in several dimensions, that we estimated each through scores to deduct a global index grouping all of the dimensions. The study showed that with the exception of the less than 35-year-old young women who have an index of autonomy appreciably higher, the other categories are approximately equivalent. The score of the married women exceeds a little the non-married ones. The results also show a higher index of the members of the office to that of the salaried women. In parallel, the financial evaluation of these cooperatives by the cost-benefit analysis in deterministic environment shows positive NPV, Internal Rate of Return from 7 to 12 % for a discount rate of 7 %, Benefits-Costs Ratio superior to 1 and a Payback from 8 to 11 years for all the cooperatives of the sample with the exception of one that shows indicators justifying its not profitability. The probability of recording a negative NPV is low for all the cooperatives. Keywords: Argan tree, Empowerment, Women’s Argan Cooperatives, Social Economy, Benefits-Costs Analysis, risk analysis, Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return., Tiznit.La dynamique que connaît le Maroc, autour des produits de terroir, notamment l’arganier, nous a poussés à nous intéresser aux coopératives féminines de production de l’huile d’argane, en tant qu’organisations de l’économie sociale et solidaire, qui promeuvent la diversité et l’inclusion économique et sociale des femmes. L’arganier représente une ressource naturelle à haute valeur de solidarité ancrée dans les traditions et coutumes des populations locale, en particulier les femmes. Son exploitation s’inscrit dans une filière où les coopératives féminines occupent une place importante dans sa structure. D’où l’intérêt d’examiner leurs retombées sur la l’autonomisation des femmes impliquées ainsi que d’évaluer leur rentabilité et leur viabilité. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, nous avons réalisé notre étude au niveau des coopératives féminines de production d’huile d’argane dans la province de Tiznit. Nous avons procédé par une décortication de l’autonomisation en plusieurs dimensions, que nous avons évalué chacune à part à travers des scores pour en déduire un indice global regroupant la totalité des dimensions. L’étude a montré qu’à l’exception des jeunes femmes âgées de moins de 35 ans qui ont un indice d’autonomie perçue sensiblement plus élevé, les autres catégories d’âge s’équivalent à peu près. Le score des femmes mariées dépasse un peu celui des non mariées. Les résultats affichent également un indice plus élevé des membres du bureau par rapport à celui des femmes salariées. En parallèle, l’évaluation financière de ces coopératives à l’aide de l’analyse coûts-bénéfices en environnement déterministe affiche des VAN positives, des TRI allant de 7 à 12 % pour un taux d’actualisation de 7 %, des RBC supérieurs à 1 et des Payback de 8 à 11 ans pour toutes les coopératives de l’échantillon à l’exception d’une seule qui affiche des indicateurs justifiant sa non rentabilité. Pour toutes les coopératives, la probabilité d’enregistrer des valeurs de non rentabilité demeure relativement faible. Mots clés : Arganier, Autonomisation, Coopératives féminines, Economie sociale et solidaire, Analyse coût-bénéfice, Analyse du risque, VAN, TRI, Tiznit

Investigating the effect of material stiffness contrast on the dynamic stability of upstream tailings dams (Case study: Esfordi tailings dam)

The effect of mechanical properties of upstream tailings dams is investigated under seismic loads. For this, the finite-difference numerical method under the Finn-Byrne nonlinear elastoplastic constitutive model was implemented. Variations of elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio in the typical range of tailings dam material were investigated in the phenomenon of liquefaction, horizontal displacement, and subsidence. The results showed that with increasing the elastic modulus of the dam body from 10 to 50 MPa, the maximum horizontal displacement, subsidence, and liquefaction coefficient in the dam body have increased 2.3, 3.5, and 2 times, respectively. Moreover, by increasing the Poisson’s ratio from 0.25 to 0.4, the maximum horizontal displacement, subsidence, and liquefaction coefficient in the dam body have raised 2.4, 2.3, and 1.75, respectively. The Poisson’s ratio of tailings had a significant effect on the liquefaction of the dam body. In which, increasing the Poisson’s ratio from 0.25 to 0.4, the maximum liquefaction coefficients were increased 1.75 times. Ultimately, it is concluded that despite the displacement which is not affected by the variation of tailings dam elastic modulus, the liquefaction coefficient is doubled by its variation, which may cause a serious threat to the stability of the dam

Which plants matter? A comparison of academic and community assessments of plant value and conservation status in the Moroccan High Atlas

As interest in including local communities and their knowledge in biodiversity conservation increases, challenges to do so become clear. One of them is to harmonize local and academic assessments of conservation status. Here, we document the culturally valuable flora of two Amazigh communities in the Moroccan High Atlas Mountains and contrast local conservation observations with IUCN and other red-listing assessments. Our study reveals two levels of mismatch. Unsurprisingly, the species of interest of these two knowledge systems differ considerably. Moreover, species "availability and populations" trends of change and the conservation evaluations often diverge between local and academic assessments. Locally valuable species are rarely threatened, but a focus on locally prioritized species is essential to ensure the active participation of local communities in conservation initiatives. Given the salient role of IUCN Red Lists in guiding conservation action, a better understanding of the differences in plant value and conservation assessments between the two knowledge systems can help harmonize biodiversity conservation and community wellbeing goals.The research has been funded by the MAVA Foundation and the UK Darwin InitiativeAbstractIntroductionMaterials and methods Study area Data collection, plant identification, and data analysesResults Brief ethnobotanical description of the High Atlas locally valuable biodiversity Ethnobotanical knowledge and plant conservation assessmentsDiscussionConclusionReferencesPeer reviewe

Contribution to the evaluation of the impact of the argan oil sector on the empowerment of women's production cooperatives in the province of Tiznit

The dynamics Morocco faced, around local products, including the argan tree, pushed us to focus on cooperatives of production of argan oil, as social and solidarity economy organizations, which promote economic diversity and social inclusion of women. The argan tree represents a natural resource of high value of solidarity anchored in the traditions and the customs of the local populations, in particular the women. Its exploitation is part of a chain where the women’s argan cooperatives occupy an important place in its structure. From the need to examine, their effects on the Empowerment of the women involved, as well as to estimate their profitability and their viability. To achieve these goals, we conducted our study at the level of the women’s argan cooperatives in Tiznit. We proceeded by a decortication of the Empowerment in several dimensions, that we estimated each through scores to deduct a global index grouping all of the dimensions. The study showed that with the exception of the less than 35-year-old young women who have an index of autonomy appreciably higher, the other categories are approximately equivalent. The score of the married women exceeds a little the non-married ones. The results also show a higher index of the members of the office to that of the salaried women. In parallel, the financial evaluation of these cooperatives by the cost-benefit analysis in deterministic environment shows positive NPV, Internal Rate of Return from 7 to 12 % for a discount rate of 7 %, Benefits-Costs Ratio superior to 1 and a Payback from 8 to 11 years for all the cooperatives of the sample with the exception of one that shows indicators justifying its not profitability. The probability of recording a negative NPV is low for all the cooperatives

History of African women in neurosurgery

The number of women in the medical field has increased in Africa over the last few decades, yet the underrepresentation of women within neurosurgery has been a recurrent theme. Of all surgical disciplines, neurosurgery is among the least equitable, and the rate of increase in female surgeons lags behind other surgical disciplines such as general surgery. This historical review provides an overview of the history of women in neurosurgery and their current status on the African continent. To the authors\u27 knowledge, this is the first article to provide such an overview