Wild ramification determines the characteristic cycle

Constructible complexes have the same characteristic cycle if they have the same wild ramification, even if the characteristics of the coefficients fields are different.Comment: 14 pages. The definition of having the same wild ramification is modified in v

The epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome in North America: a systematic review 1

The aim of this study was to systematically review published literature about the prevalence, incidence, and natural history of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in North America. Methods : A computer-assisted search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Current Contents/Science Edition databases was performed independently by two investigators. Study selection criteria included: 1) North American population-based sample of adults; 2) objective diagnostic criteria for IBS ( i.e. , Rome or Manning criteria); and 3) publication in full manuscript form in English. Eligible articles were reviewed in a duplicate and independent manner. Data extracted were converted into individual tables and presented in descriptive form. Results : The prevalence of IBS in North America ranges from 3% to 20%, with most prevalence estimates ranging from 10% to 15%. The prevalences of diarrhea-predominant and constipation-predominant IBS are both approximately 5%. Published prevalence estimates by gender range from 2:1 female predominance to a ratio of 1:1. Constipation-predominant IBS is more common in female individuals. The prevalence of IBS varies minimally with age. No true population-based incidence studies or natural history studies were found. In one cohort surveyed on two occasions 1 yr apart, 9% of subjects who were free of IBS at baseline reported IBS at follow-up producing an onset rate of 67 per 1000 person-years. In all, 38% of patients meeting criteria for IBS did not meet IBS criteria at 1-yr follow-up. Conclusion : Approximately 30 million people in North America meet the diagnostic criteria for IBS. However, data about the natural history of IBS is quite sparse and renewed efforts should be focused at developing appropriately designed trials of the epidemiology of IBS.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72339/1/j.1572-0241.2002.05913.x.pd

Confectionery intake and serum phosphorus

Hyperphosphatemia is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Recently, it has been shown that high serum phosphorus levels are associated with increased cardiovascular events in healthy subjects, but the dietary factors determining serum phosphorus level have not been fully investigated. The study investigated the influence of habitual dietary factors on serum phosphorus levels in healthy young participants. This cross-sectional study conducted fasting blood sampling in 109 healthy young people and used a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire to evaluate the subject's habitual meals. Since the bioavailability of dietary phosphorus depends on the food sources, habitual phosphorus intakes from different food groups and intake frequency (times/month) of processed foods were calculated. The mean serum phosphorus level was 3.9±0.5 mg/dl ; 10.1% of the subjects had serum phosphorus levels that exceeded the reference levels of ≤4.5 mg/dl. Total phosphorus intake and phosphorus intake from animal-based food did not differ between serum phosphorus quartiles. Higher intake of confectionery was associated with increased serum phosphorus levels. This study showed that frequent consumption of confectionery was associated with elevated serum phosphorus levels. Additional studies are needed to determine whether this is a causal relationship

Socio-environmental factors associated with diabetes mellitus among patients hospitalized with schizophrenia in Japan

Sado, J., Kitamura, T., Noma, N. et al. Socio-environmental factors associated with diabetes mellitus among patients hospitalized with schizophrenia in Japan. Environ Health Prev Med 21, 460–469 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12199-016-0550-

A case of tetanus treated with Kampo medicines such as Kakkonto and Shakuyakukanzoto

CaseA 74-year-old man developed tetanus 3 days after working with cow and poultry manure. Kakkonto and shakuyakukanzoto, traditional Japanese herbal medicines that are effective for the relief of pain primarily related to muscle contraction, were given to control the trismus and painful contracture of the neck. Generalized convulsions were controlled without the use of muscle relaxants.OutcomeAfter 30 days, the patient was discharged from the hospital without any sequelae.ConclusionKakkonto and shakuyakukanzoto may be useful for the control of muscle spasms resulting from generalized tetanus