Mycorrhizal efficiency in acerola seedlings with different levels of phosphorus

The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of acerola seedlings to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with different levels of phosphorus (P) additions. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions, in a randomized factorial design with four treatments of AMF (control without AMF inoculation; Gigaspora margarita; Glomus manihotis; and Glomus clarum) and four phosphorus treatments (0, 30, 90, 270 mg kg-1 soil) in four replicates. The acerola plants were harvested after 120 days of the experiment. There were significant effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on the plant growth and nutrient contents in the plant shoots, mainly under lower P soil levels. Mycorrhizal plants presented a decrease of 55% of manganese content in the shoot

Efeitos alelopáticos de extratos vegetais na germinação, colonização micorrízica e crescimento inicial de milho, soja e feijão Allelopathic effects of plant aqueous extracts on germination, mycorrhization and Initial growth of corn, soybean and bean

Restos vegetais e liteira podem interferir no desenvolvimento de plantas. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos alelopáticos de extratos aquosos de Pinus sp., milheto (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) e mucuna (Stizolobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy) sobre a germinação, colonização micorrízica e crescimento inicial de milho (Zea mays L.), soja (Glycine max L.) e feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Os extratos foram elaborados utilizando folhas trituradas. O experimento in vitro empregou papel Germitest umedecido com extratos ou água destilada por sete dias. O experimento em casa de vegetação teve esquema fatorial 3 x 3 x 4, com quatro repetições: três espécies vegetais (soja, milho e feijão), três extratos aquosos (Pinus, milheto e mucuna) e quatro doses de extrato (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; e 2,0 kg L-1). O substrato foi Latossolo Vermelho coletado no município de Selvíria-MS, no bioma Cerrado. Após a semeadura, os vasos receberam, a cada cinco dias, por 45 dias, 50 mL dos extratos. Para a soja, extratos de mucuna e milheto diminuíram o comprimento do hipocótilo e da radícula e os de Pinus aumentaram esses comprimentos. Em feijão, o extrato de Pinus diminuiu o comprimento do hipocótilo e da radícula, mas os extratos de mucuna e milheto aumentaram-no. O extrato do milheto reduziu a percentagem e a velocidade de germinação em feijão. Todos os extratos reduziram a colonização micorrízica e o número de esporos de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em soja, milho e feijão.<br>Plant residues and litter may affect the plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of pine (Pinus sp.), millet [Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] and velvet bean (Stizolobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy) on germination, mycorrhizal colonization and initial growth of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Extracts of ground leaves were prepared. For the in vitro seven day- germination test, pH - neutral paper was previously wetted with the aqueous extracts or distilled water. The greenhouse experiment was arranged in a 3 x 3 x 4 factorial design, with four replications: three plant species (soybean, corn and bean), three aqueous extracts (Pinus, millet and velvet bean) and four extract doses (0.0; 0.5; 1.0 and 2.0 kg L-1). A Red Latossol (Oxisol) collected in Selvíria, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the Cerrado biome was used as substrate. After sowing in pots, 50 mL of the aqueous extracts was applied every 5 days, during 45 days. Opposite to pine, extracts of velvet bean and millet reduced the hypocotyl and root length in soybean. In common bean, pine extract reduced hypocotyl and root length, contrasting to velvet bean and millet. Millet extract decreased the germination percentage and germination rate of beans. All plant extracts reduced mycorrhization and the number of spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soybean, maize and common bean