Investigating the Relationship between Manager and Shareholder Using game theory: Applying Accounting Conservatism and Financial Reporting Quality

The decision-making of managers in today's organizations is crucial due to increased complexity of internal and external influential factors and increased competition among organizations. Game theory attempts to model the mathematical behavior of a strategic situation. This situation arises when the success of one side of the game depends on the strategies selected by other side. The present study aims at finding a strategy to maximize the balance interests of managers and shareholders by applying strategic characteristics of accounting information and accounting conservatism.   The statistical population of study included 132 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during a period of seven years (2012-2018). The data analysis method is inferential and SPSS software was used to prepare the data and estimate the models. Pooled data model was used to test the research hypotheses. The results of testing the research hypotheses show that the combination of strategies of manager low reporting quality-shareholder low reporting quality (m1, S1), manager high reporting quality- shareholder high reporting quality (m2, S2), manager low conservatism - shareholder low conservatism (m3, S3), manager high conservatism - shareholder high conservatism (m4, s4), were selected as poor Nash equilibrium. The study results show that game theory plays a major role in the relationship between managers and shareholders and finding equilibrium points of game can play an effective role in the decisions of game parties (managers and shareholders). Accordingly, it informs the parties of game of the strategy that has highest utility for them

Reducing Costs by Applying Activity-Based Costing System and the Possibility of the Application in the Banking Sector:An Empirical Study on the Housing Bank for Trade andFinance

This study aims at exploring the possibility of applying the Activity-Based Costing in the banks through a Case study of the Housing Bank for Trade and Finance. The related data was collected from the relevant literature, and the annual report of the Housing Bank for the year 2013. The researchers relied on the Bank’s income statement analysis for the year 2013, which showed that the bank allocates all the operation costs to the income summary account according to the traditional costing system. The results showed that the Bank is still applying the traditional costing system, notwithstanding the fact that the ABC system can provide the Bank with many benefits such as reducing operational costs, accurate computing of customers cost, and increasing the Bank Profitability

Impacts of Kuwait’s proposed renewable energy goals on grid operations

Kuwait’s policy of achieving 15% renewable energy by 2030, announced in 2012, has been diverted from its original intent. Today, Kuwait’s renewable energy goal is to meet 15% of its projected peak load by 2030. To examine the actual outcomes, a comparison is offered between the original policy: annual energy share, the current policy: peak capacity share, and two other policies: installed capacity share and peak load share. The results demonstrate how these policies lead to drastically different outcomes. The total installed renewable energy capacity ranges from 4 GW to 27 GW; the total produced energy from renewables ranges from 8 TWh to 44 TWh; and the flexibility requirements ranges from 1.6 GW to 20 GW per hour