Assessing the efficiency and the criticality of the elements belonging to a complex territorial system subject to natural hazards

International audienceThe effects of natural hazards can be mitigated by the use of proper "pre-event" interventions on "key" elements of the territory, that is on elements that are mostly vulnerable to a given catastrophic scenario and whose loss of functionality can cause damages on people, property and environment. In this respect, methodologies and tools should be studied to support decision makers in the analysis of a territory, in order to point out such elements. In this work, vulnerability is taken into account under two aspects: "physical vulnerability", which measures the propensity of a territorial element to suffer damage when subject to an external stress corresponding to the occurrence of a natural phenomenon; "functional vulnerability", which measures the propensity of a territorial element to suffer loss in functionality, even when that is caused by the loss of functionality of other territorial elements. In the proposed modeling approach, vulnerability is represented through the use of a graph-based formalization. A territorial system is represented as a complex set of elements or sub-systems. Such elements have differentiated and dedicated functions, and they may be functionally interconnected among them. In addition, vulnerability is defined through the use of two different variables, namely the criticality and the efficiency. Focusing the attention on the temporal phases corresponding to the occurrence of a calamitous event, the first one measures the service demand of an element, whereas the efficiency is a measure of the service that can be offered by such an element. The approach presented is largely independent from the natural risk considered. Besides, the tools introduced for the vulnerability analysis of the territorial system can also be used to formalize decision problems relevant to the location of the available resources for emergency management. A specific case study pertaining to the hydrological risk in the Val di Vara area (Italy) is presented

Telemedicine systems for collaborative diagnosis over the Internet: Towards virtual "collaboratories"

The working experience of the National Institute for Cancer Research (INRC) of Genova, Italy, in the use of Internet technology for second opinions and teleconsultations in histology and cytology is presented. In the first section, the current state of the art of telepathology is reviewed and the main requirements, which generally address a telepathology system, are briefly analyzed. The second section investigates the experience of using Internet technology at INRC in current telepathology consultations. The evolution from static to dynamic telepathology in relation to the speed of the current communication channel is discussed. Finally, the concept of collaboration laboratories, defined in previous works as collaboratories, is introduced

Toxic Release Damage Distance Assessment Based on the Short-Cut Method: A Case Study for the Transport of Chlorine and Hydrochloric Acid in Densely Urbanized Areas in the Mediterranean Region

The transportation of dangerous goods by road is the most accident-prone mode of transportation, even if accidents involving road transportation of dangerous goods are considered as a Low Probability and High Consequence event (LPHC event). However, several dangerous goods are transported by road networks, such as petroleum products and chemicals, which can generate major dangerous consequences such as spills, explosions, fires, or toxic clouds. In this context, this article presents a method to calculate and quickly quantify the sizes of impact zones characterized by high lethality and irreversible injuries to people in the case of a hazardous materials transport accident. This method is used as a module for the analysis of the consequences of different potential accident scenarios, for the Web-GIS platform proposed by LOSE+LAB, that implements appropriate ICT tools and systems for monitoring the flow of goods that would enable a continuous monitoring system at the cross-border level and transmit data and information to the territory actors involved in the management of dangerous goods according to the ADR standard. The proposed method provides the user with a visualization of the possible outcomes of an event by reproducing the impact area for different accident scenarios, which can provide quick maps of the hazard and represents a decision support system for territorial governance in terms of intervention and response protocols for emergency management in the cases of dangerous goods accidents

Optimal Control in a Cooperative Network of Smart Power Grids

The possibility to store energy, to exchange power and information on demand and production among grids allows us to achieve an active distribution which is of major interest for cooperative smart power grids, that are grids which can forecast demand and production and are able to exchange power in order to enhance the quality of the service. In this paper, a model to support optimal decisions in a network of cooperative grids is formalized as an original discrete and centralized problem here de\ufb01ned as cooperative network of smart power grids (CNSPG) problem. In the CNSPG problem, the control variables are the instantaneous \ufb02ows of power in the network of grids, which can be obtained from the solution of a linear quadratic Gaussian problem on a \ufb01xed time horizon. A simple case study showing the enhancement which may be obtained from the introduction of direct connections among microgrids according to a lattice network is shown and \ufb01nally discussed

Assessing the efficiency and the criticality of the elements belonging to a complex territorial system subject to natural hazards

The effects of natural hazards can be mitigated by the use of proper 'pre-event' interventions on 'key' elements of the territory, that is on elements that are mostly vulnerable to a given catastrophic scenario and whose loss of functionality can cause damages on people, property and environment. In this respect, methodologies and tools should be studied to support decision makers in the analysis of a territory, in order to point out such elements. In this work, vulnerability is taken into account under two aspects: 'physical vulnerability', which measures the propensity of a territorial element to suffer damage when subject to an external stress corresponding to the occurrence of a natural phenomenon; 'functional vulnerability', which measures the propensity of a territorial element to suffer loss in functionality, even when that is caused by the loss of functionality of other territorial elements. In the proposed modeling approach, vulnerability is represented through the use of a graph-based formalization. A territorial system is represented as a complex set of elements or sub-systems. Such elements have differentiated and dedicated functions, and they may be functionally interconnected among them. In addition, vulnerability is defined through the use of two different variables, namely the criticality and the efficiency. Focusing the attention on the temporal phases corresponding to the occurrence of a calamitous event, the first one measures the service demand of an element, whereas the efficiency is a measure of the service that can be offered by such an element. The approach presented is largely independent from the natural risk considered. Besides, the tools introduced for the vulnerability analysis of the territorial system can also be used to formalize decision problems relevant to the location of the available resources for emergency management. A specific case study pertaining to the hydrological risk in the Val di Vara area (Italy) is presented