CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity: Protective Effects of Carnosine on Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Gene Expression, Genotoxicity and Oxidant/Antioxidant Status in Rats

Effect of carnosine as an antioxidant in protection against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats was investigated. Liver toxicity was induced in rat model at which four experimental groups of 20 rats each were constructed: group (1) the control group in which rats were not administrated CCl4 or carnosine; group (II) CCl4 group in which rats were subcutaneously injected with CCl4 in a dose of 2 ml /Kg body weight twice weekly for 4 weeks; group (III) CCl4 and carnosine group in which rats were also subcutaneously injected with CCl4 and co-treated with daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) carnosine at a dose of 10 mg / kg body weight and group (IV) received also i.p. repeated daily dose of carnosine. Hepatotoxicity was assessed by measurement of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities. Hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARy) mRNA expression, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, xantheine oxidase (XO) activity and total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) level as well as DNA damage in blood were evaluated. The results were confirmed by histopathological examination. Carnosine treatment significantly prevented the CCl4- induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress and DNA damage. In conclusion, our results suggested that carnosine might be a therapeutic antifibrotic/antigenotoxic agent for the treatment of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity due to its antioxidant properties.Keywords: Carbon tetrachloride; Hepatotoxicity; Oxidative stress; Carnosine; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamm

β-Alanyl-L-Histidine, an Anti-Oxidant, Anti-fibrotic and Geno/Cytotoxicity Inhibitor: A Sheild against CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Hepatic fibrosis is a consequence of chronic liver injury and is characterized by an excessive hepatic connective tissue formation and deposition. β-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine) is a dipeptide with antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties in addition to its involvement in many physiological process. Specific treatments to stop progressive liver fibrosis are not available, so that the objective of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antifibrotic, cyto/genoprotective effect of β-alanyl-L-histidine against hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. β-alanyl-Lhistidine showed significant protection with normalization of liver aminotransferases, increased glutathione S transferase (GST) activity while decreased hepatic hydroxyproline, protein carbonyl, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, DNA damage, Cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) activity and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA level. In conclusion: β-alanyl-L-histidine possesses hepatoprotective properties through reducing hepatic toxicity markers, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, fibrosis and improvement of the histological architecture of the liver. Key words: β-alanyl-L-histidine; Carbon tetrachloride; Cytochrome P4502E1; Transforming growth factor -β