Molecular phylogeny of telenomine egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae s.l.: Telenominae): evolution of host shifts and implications for classification

Parasitoid wasps of the subfamily Telenominae (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea, Platygastridae) develop as immatures within the eggs of other insects (Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera and Neuroptera). Rearing records indicate that individual species are restricted to attack hosts within only one of these four main groups. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the group using sequence data from multiple genes (18S, 28S, COI, EF-1α) to assess the pattern of shifts among host groups and to test the monophyly of and relationships among genera and species-groups. Telenominae sensu Masner—that is, including only the nominate tribe Telenomini—is not monophyletic. Representatives of the Psix group of genera (Psix Kozlov & Lê and Paratelenomus Dodd) form a monophyletic group that is sister to Gryon Haliday (Scelioninae: Gryonini) and are excluded from the subfamily. The remaining telenomines are monophyletic. The genus Phanuromyia Dodd and the crassiclava group of Telenomus Haliday, both recorded as parasitoids of planthopper eggs (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoroidea), form a monophyletic group that is sister to all other telenomines exclusive of the Psix group. Twenty-nine species of the crassiclava and aradi groups of Telenomus are transferred to Phanuromyia as new combinations. Basal elements of the remaining species are all in groups reared from the eggs of true bugs (Heteroptera), primarily the stink bugs (Pentatomoidea) and seed bugs (Lygaeoidea). A shift to parasitism of lepidopteran eggs evolved within a single clade, occurring either one or two times. From this clade a small group of species, the Telenomus tabanivorus group, subsequently shifted to parasitism of egg masses of true flies (Tabanidae and Stratiomyiidae). Aholcus Kieffer and Platytelenomus Dodd both belong to the clade of lepidopteran parasitoids and are considered as junior synonyms of Telenomus (new synonymy for Aholcus). The monophyletic status of the two core genera, Telenomus and Trissolcus could not be resolved using these data. The phylogenetic pattern of host shifts suggests comparisons among taxa that may be fruitful in elucidating mechanisms by which parasitoids locate their hosts, the proximate factors that determine the host range, and the changes in these factors that influence host changes.Charuwat Taekul, Alejandro A. Valerio, Andrew D. Austin, Hans Klompen and Norman F. Johnso

Antibiotic resistance in mucosal bacteria from high Arctic migratory salmonids

Two related salmonids, Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) sampled from the high Arctic region of Nunavut, Canada are anadromous fish, migrating annually from the same ice-covered freshwater waterbodies to spend summers in the marine waters of the Arctic Ocean. Microbiota associated with the skin-associated mucus undergo community change coincident with migration, and irrespective of this turnover, antibiotic resistance was detected in mixed bacterial cultures initiated with mucus samples. Although as expected most bacteria were unculturable, however, 5/7 isolates showed susceptibility to a panel of five common antibiotics. The fish were sampled under severe conditions and at remote locations far from human habitation. Regardless, two isolates, \u27Carnobacterium maltaromaticum sm-2\u27 and \u27Arthrobacter citreus sm\u27, showed multi-resistance to two or more antibiotics including ampicillin and streptomycin indicating multiple resistance genes. It is unknown if these fish bacteria have \u27natural\u27 resistance phenotypes or if resistance has been acquired. As result of these observations, we urge long-term monitoring of drug-resistant bacteria in the region and caution the assumption of a lack of drug-resistant organisms even in such extreme environments

Assessment of the efficacy and compliance with Vojea® in women during the pregravid preparation and the early stages of pregnancy

I.N. Kononova1,2, E.N. Kareva1,3, E.V. Stebenyaeva4, N.A. Shmakova5, I.V. Graban6, T.A. Ogurtsova7, Yu.E. Dobrokhotova1, S.V. Orlova8 1Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation 2LLC "Interregional Center for Continuing Professional Education", Moscow, Russian Federation 3I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation 4LLC "SMARTLAB", Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation 5LLC Medical Center "ANGIO LINE PLUS", Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation 6LLC Medical Center "Edelweiss", Aramil, Russian Federation 7Yekaterinburg Clinical Perinatal Center, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation 8Russian University of Peoples' Friendshiр, Moscow, Russian Federation Aim: to assess the clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of Vojea® in the prevention of iron-deficiency anemia and folic acid deficiency in women during the preconception (pregravid) period and early stages of pregnancy, as well as to evaluate patient compliance with this product. Patients and Methods: this prospective multi-center observational study was performed in 2022 in four medical centers and women's health clinics of Ekaterinburg. The study included 87 women with latent iron deficiency (mean ferritin level below 15 ng/ml). The first group consisted of 37 women during the pregravid preparation period, and the second group consisted of 50 pregnant patients with up to 12 weeks of pregnancy. Patients received the Vojea® once daily for three months. Clinical and laboratory efficacy (the absence of objective anemia signs and the changes in hemoglobin level, folate and ferritin blood tests over time), as well as tolerability (the rate of adverse events, tolerability of the taken product evaluated using the visual analog scale) was assessed at days 30, 60 and 90 after the beginning of treatment. Results: beginning from the first month of treatment with the studied complex, some positive changes in clinical symptoms and laboratory findings were reported in both groups. By the third month of therapy, the increment of hemoglobin level in the pregravid preparation group was 17 (13.9%) units, the level of ferritin increased by 6.3 times (clinically significant after two months of the product intake), and the level of blood serum folates increased by 4.6 times. In group 2, the increment of hemoglobin level, as pregnancy was progressing, in three months of the product intake reached 19 units (17%), the level of ferritin increased by 5.9 times (clinically significant after two months of treatment), and the level of blood serum folates increased by 3.9 times. In group 1, adverse events were reported only in 2/37 (5.4%) patients who had dark stool color on the 2nd month of follow-up. In group 2, such adverse events as nausea were reported in 3/50 (6%) patients during the 1st month of product intake. All patients informed that the product was well tolerated which ensured high patient compliance. Conclusion: maintaining iron and folic acid homeostasis by oral intake of the Vojea® complex during three months in the preconception period and early stages of pregnancy is a feasible option based on its high efficacy and good tolerability with the minimal risk of side effects, encouraging high patient compliance. Keywords: ferric pyrophosphate, folic acid, pregravid preparation, pregnancy, active metabolite of folic acid, methyltetrahydrofolate, glucosamine salt, Quatrefolic, micronized microencapsulated ferric iron, Vojea, compliance. For citation: Kononova I.N., Kareva E.N., Stebenyaeva E.V. et al. Assessment of the efficacy and compliance with Vojea® in women during the pregravid preparation and the early stages of pregnancy. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2023;6(2):95–104 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2023-6-2-95-104. </p

The foraminiferal zonal scale of the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary beds in Russia and Western Kazakhstan and its correlation with ammonoid and conodont scales

This paper reviews the foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Devonian–Carboniferous (D–C) boundary beds in Russia and Western Kazakhstan. The regional records of the zonal successions of Russia are summarised from sections and boreholes of the Volga-Urals Subregion of the East European Platform (Syzran no. 401 Borehole, Melekesskaya no.1 Borehole); Timan-Pechora Province of the East European Platform (Kamenka Section); South Urals (Sikaza, Zigan, Ryauzyak and Dzerzhinka sections); Middle Urals (Pershino Section); and West Siberia, Vagai-Ishim Basin (Borehole no. 1 Kurgan-Uspenskaya), and the zonal successions of Western Kazakhstan are summarised from the Mugodzhary Mountains. Three foraminiferal biozones can be defined in the interval comprising the latest Devonian and earliest Carboniferous: Quasiendothyra kobeitusana Zone, the Tournayellina pseudobeata – remnant Quasiendothyra Zone, and the Earlandia minima Zone. The D–C boundary interval is situated within the Tournayellina pseudobeata–remnant Quasiendothyra Zone. A correlation with the ammonoid and conodont zonations is proposed, which is useful for correlating deep-water and shallow-water successions

Nickel(II) complexes with tripodal NNN ligands as homogenous and supported catalysts for ethylene oligomerization

Four new coordination compounds of nickel (II) with derivatives of N,N-bis(pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)propylamine were synthesized; their composition and structure were confirmed with IR-spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The structures of products 13 and 15 were unambiguously established in an X-ray diffraction study. Compounds 13 and 15 crystallize in the orthorhombic space groups Pna21 and P212121 correspondingly and represent a monomeric octahedral nickel complexes, that are typical for tridentate scorpion-type ligands. New method for immobilization of nickel complexes with derivatives of N,N-bis(pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)propylamine on silica gel modified with aminopropyl groups was proposed. The EXAFS/XANES analysis indicated that Ni atom in the supported complexes adopt almost octahedral geometry, being partly surrounded by nitrogen atoms from organic ligand and partly grafted to silica surface through silanol groups, with Br− in outer coordination sphere. Both the original and the supported complexes, when activated with Et2AlCl or Et3Al2Cl3, catalyze ethylene oligomerization with the predominant formation of butene isomers. Generally, the immobilized complexes show higher activity and better selectivity towards 1-butene formation. © 2018 Elsevier B.V