34 research outputs found
Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ
A method for construction of differential plane dynamical systems which phase portraits have elementary cells with a prescribed topological structure is presented. The solutions of such type inverse problems of differential equations theory may be used to obtain control over dynamical systems behavior.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ
Preconditions of formation of the banking system of the Republic of Belarus
The authors presented the state of the state-owned banks system at the time of the declaration of independence of the Republic of Belarus, reviewed the processes of commercialization of banks and their transition to self-government and self-financing, which laid the foundation for a modern two-tier banking system of the country.ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠ±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ
ΠΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ.
Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ. ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ, ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ. = The peculiarities of the Republic of Belarus economic modernization in the framework of institutional matrices paradigm theory are presented, the basic conditions for economic entities interactions are defined, recommendations for complementary elements formation and development in the national econo mic model are provided. Key words: modernization, institutional model, investments, innovations, government capitalism
ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΈΡΠΈΠ·Π·ΠΈ
Retrospective analysis of treatment of 53 patients with Mirizzi syndrome was made. Diagnostic algorithm included transabdominal ultrasound - 53 (100%), ERCP - 39 (74%). Surgery was performed in 35 patients, in 21 (40%) cases - after endoscopic intervention. Post - ERCP complications were observed in 2 (5,1%) patients, complications after surgery - 2 (5,7%) patients. Lethality was 3 (6,7%).ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ 53 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΈΡΠΈΠ·Π·ΠΈ. ΠΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ Ρ 53 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»: Π£ΠΠ - 53 (100%) ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΠ Π₯ΠΠ - Π² 39 (74,0%) ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
. ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ 35 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
21 (40%) ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ². ΠΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΠ Π₯ΠΠ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ 2 (5,1%) ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ² ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π² 2 (5,7%) ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 3 (6,7%)
Transformation of financial provision of economic modernization of the Republic of Belarus
The strategy of economic modernization in the Republic of Belarus is grounded in the article, priorities in the field of investment and financial provision of modernization are defined and the directions of transformation of financing and state support of science and innovations are offered.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΒΡΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΒΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ
Specifics of bank credit risk in investment credit operations
The authors have identified the features of credit risk in bank lending to investment projects, which allowed us to formulate and detail the principles of its management in terms of innovation priority, taking into account the goals of banks and business entities.ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Bank resources for the modernization of economics of the Republic of Belarus
Perspectives of credit support of modernization of economics of the Republic of Belarus are considered in the article, the method of assessment of bank resources for the investment crediting is suggested, the directions of transformation of bank passives are defined.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²
Financial behavior of the population of the Republic of Belarus in the market of payment instruments
The article presents the results of studying the financial behavior of the population of the Republic of Belarus in the use of payment instruments. Based on the analysis of the structure of card products preferred by the population, criteria and factors determining the choice of a particular product from the proposed line, directions for expanding the interaction of banks and retail consumers are proposed.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ
Improving of credit support system of investment and innovation processes in the Republic of Belarus
Theoretical and methodological substantiation of all functional elements and mechanisms in their connection in the credit support system of investment and innovation processes for the conditions of the Republic of Belarus are presented in the article, recommendations on improving of institutional cooperation in the credit support system that are connected with the mechanisms of accumulation of country resources, attraction of funds of non-residents, emissive mechanisms are given.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΈΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ; ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π°ΠΊΠΊΡΒΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ