Comparative mapping of peripheral nerves in dogs and cattle

<p></p><p>ABSTRACT Knowledge of animal anatomy is essential for the veterinarian to identify small structures such as nerves, thus providing a solid background for the professional especially for surgical and anesthetic techniques. To investigate and map the nerves of the brachial plexus (radial, musculocutaneous, ulnar, median), sciatic, tibial, femoral and the nerves for paravertebral blocking in bovine, embalmed specimens were used. One adult male dog weighing approximately 8kg and one 40kg male calf were used. Nerve mapping is fundamental due to its interdisciplinary nature, thus providing the veterinarian with a major improvement in his/her professional activities which permits allows one to perform complex tasks in anesthesia and veterinary surgery. Knowledge ofanatomical reference points increases clarity and precision in techniques involving peripheral nerve blocks.</p><p></p

Kartogenin associated to micro of the subchondral bone in the joint cartilage repair in horses

<p></p><p>ABSTRACT Articular cartilage reconstruction is still a challenge in Veterinary Medicine. The aim was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of kartogenin, a small molecule that promotes chondrocyte differentiation, in the repair of induced chondral defects pretreated with subchondral drilling. Six horses with a mean (± SD) weight of 342 ± 1.58Kg, aging 7.2 ± 1.30 years, and with a mean 7.1 ± 0.75 body score condition were used. In both stifles, a 1cm2 chondral defect was induced in the lateral femoral trochlea followed by treatment with subchondral drilling. Four intra-articular injections with kartogenin (20mM) were performed weekly in one stifle (treated group). The same procedure using saline solution was performed in the contralateral joint (control group). Clinical, radiographic, ultrasound evaluations were performed for a period of 60 days. No statistical differences were detected between groups in any of the studied variables. Although kartogenin has shown to improve articular cartilage repair in laboratory animal models, the same was not observed in this equine model. In conclusion, the kartogenin therapy, according to the used protocol, did not promote any clinical benefit in equine femoral trochlear defects pretreated with subcondral drilling.</p><p></p