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Not AvailableRaising the purchasing power of people in rural areas has largely to be achieved through agricultural sector, in which horticultural crops have to play an important role. Adoption of agri-horti system and the factors associated need to be viewed in totality which calls for the empirical evidences regarding the knowledge and adoption levels of farmers to achieve the goal of enhanced productivity and profitability. The present study conducted in Doda district of J&K state highlights that the farmers were having low to medium level of knowledge and adoption of various areas of agri-horti farming system. The study indicated that the extent of adoption of most of the scientific practices was moderate to low. The study indicated that the adoption of scientific practices in agri-horti system were associated with respective knowledge levels of farmers. Enhancement of knowledge of farmers through appropriate methods of scientific principles with description and explanation of processes and causal relationships will go a long way in addressing the problem of low adoption of scientific packages in agri-horti system.Not Availabl

Biosynthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles using an endophytic fungal supernatant of Raphanus sativus

In this study, biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from supernatant of endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. isolated from the healthy leaves of Raphanus sativus is studied. The synthesized AgNPs are characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The structural analysis is done by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The stability of AgNPs is studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. The size and shape of AgNPs are observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and found to be spherical with an average particles size of 4–30 nm. Further, these AgNPs have been found to be highly toxic against human pathogenic bacteria, suggesting the possibility of using AgNPs as efficient antibacterial agents

Culture Based Isolation of Pathogenic Bacteria Associated with Respiratory Disease Complex in Broiler with Special Reference to Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from India

In this study, isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria, with special reference to Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale associated with respiratory diseases complex (RDC), were performed from a total of 60 biomaterials collected from healthy and diseased broilers of commercially reared farms in and around Palanpur, Banaskantha, Gujarat. Prevalence of RDC was 6.67% and 50.00% in apparently healthy and diseased broilers respectively. The incidence of E.coli, Staphylococcus spp., Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Pasteurella spp. and Klebsiella spp. were 8 (47.06%), 4 (23.53%), 3 (17.65%), 1 (5.88%) and 1 (5.88%) in broilers respectively. Highest bacteria were isolated from lung (58.33) followed by trachea (41.66). Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, one of the causative agents of the emerging respiratory diseases complex of broiler could be isolated either singly or concurrently with other bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Pasteurella spp. indicating its possible etiological role in respiratory disease

Metagenomic of clinically diseased and healthy broiler affected with respiratory disease complex

In recent past, the respiratory infection has emerged as a great challenge to the poultry farmers. Various pathogens including Avian pneumovirus (APV), Avian influenza virus (AIV), Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Avibacterium paragallinarum, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT), Mycoplasma synoviae (MS), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are involved in the respiratory disease complex in birds [1,2] (Bradbury, 1984; Roussan et al., 2008). Hence, respiratory disease complex is the most serious disease affecting to poultry and causes heavy economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide [3] (Murthy et al., 2008). In recent years, metagenomics is powerful analyzing tool for detection of pathogens directly from clinical samples without any prior knowledge of the organism in a given sample [4,5] (Schuster, 2008; Pereira et al., 2010). High throughput Next-Generation-Sequencing technology was used for sequencing the isolated genomic DNA. These data provides an insight about taxonomic and functional status of microorganisms responsible for causing respiratory infection in broiler. The data of these metagenome are available in the BioSample Submission Portal as Bioproject PRJNA339659 and SRA accession number SRR5997823, SRR5992854, SRR6037376, SRR6024702, SRR6012248 and SRR6008913

Detection of Bluetongue Virus Antigen from Livestock of Gujarat State

Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious, non-contagious disease of domestic and wild ruminants. Bluetongue virus (BTV) causes severe disease in sheep, which is transmitted by insect vector belonging to Culicoides spp. It is particularly a viral disease of sheep, occasionally affecting cattle, buffaloes, goats, camels and other wild ruminants. Out of 377 (364-blood, 5-spleen and 8-pooled Culicoides) samples 110 (29.18%) and 28 (7.42%) were found positive for BTV antigen by s-ELISA and BT-AGID respectively. Specieswise incidence by s-ELISA recorded was 48.20 per cent in sheep, 57.14 per cent in goats and 2.60 per cent in cattle however, none of the blood sample found positive from buffalo and camel. Specieswise incidence by BT-AGID recorded was 12.23 per cent in sheep and 15.71 per cent in goats however, none of the blood sample found positive for BTV antigen from cattle, buffalo and camel. Higher incidence seen in goats by both the test. s-ELISA proved to be the most sensitive in detecting BTV antigen than BT-AGID. Considering s-ELISA as the reference test, the relative sensitivity, specificity and overall agreement between both the tests were 25.45 per cent, 100 per cent and 78.24 per cent respectively

Isolation, Identification and Molecular Characterization of Brucella abortus from Bovines

Brucellosis is an important zoonosis and a significant cause of reproductive losses in animals. Abortion, placentitis, epididymitis and orchitis are the most common clinical manifestations in animals. The present study a total of 168 clinical samples were collected from buffaloes (87) and cattle (81). All clinical samples were processed by cultural isolation on Brucella agar medium (BAM) with selective antibiotic supplements and genus specific PCR using B4/B5 (223bp) and F4/R2 (905bp) primer. Out of 168 clinical samples 15 samples yielded Brucella isolates by cultural isolation and 19 samples positive for Brucella organism by genus specific PCR. All genus specific PCR positive 19 samples also positive by Species specific PCR based on omp31, B. abortus +IS711 (498bp) primer. Amplicon of 498bp by B. abortus +IS711 primers indicates that all nineteen samples of cattle and buffaloes were found to be Brucella abortus