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Not AvailableA field trial was conducted at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research Bangalore during 2007-2011 to study the effect of different doses and time of application of paclobutrazol on flowering, fruiting behavior and quality of 22 years old mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv Totapuri under South Indian Condition. There were nine treatments involving two doses of paclobutrazol 2.5 g and 5.0 g ai/plant with four times of application (last week of July, August, September and October) along with control. All the paclobutrazol applied treatments induced early flowering to an extent by 20-25 days with increased percentage of flowering of 30-65% compared to control. The harvest maturity was also influenced by paclobutrazol application with an advancement of 3-4 weeks compared to control. The fruit yield was also affected and most pronounced effect was with T 5-treatment (2.5 g ai applied during last week of September)Not Availabl

Diversified role of fuzzified particle concentration on Casson gold-blood nanofluid flow through an elongating sheet for different shape nanoparticles

The theme of this work is to explore the impact of shape factor on magnetized Casson gold-blood nanofluid flow through elongated sheet using fuzzified volume fraction. The impact of Ohmic heating, convective heating and suction/injection on heat transfer rate, is incorporated. The existing ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are transformed into fuzzy differential equations by applying the α-cut technique of fuzzy numbers. The α-cut value ranges from 0 to 1, which determines the level of fuzziness in the TFNs. The results indicate that rise in the Casson parameter leads to a reduction in the boundary layer thickness and an augmentation of shear stress near the sheet. Additionally, among the nanoparticle shapes studied, cylindrical nanoparticles demonstrate the extreme thermal conductivity, followed by platelet and blade-shaped nanoparticles, all contributing to an improvement in the heat transfer rate. The present code is validated numerically with previous works and found in good agreement

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Not AvailablePaclobutrazol has been found predominantly effective in the induction of early flowering and thus finding scope for off-season production in mango. The precise physiological mechanism regulating early floral induction is meagerly understood. The objective of the study was to examine the hormonal relationships associated with floral induction in mango following paclobutrazol treatment. The paclobutrazol applied as soil drench, @ 3.0 ml/m canopy diameter during the 3rd week of August advanced fruit harvest period by 22 days as compared to untreated trees by promoting early flowering. The C:N ratio in shoots, leaf water potential ( w) and ABA content in the paclobutrazol untreated and treated trees increased progressively as shoots approached bud break stage. There was increase in C:N ratio and leaf w, by the paclobutrazol with drastic increase at the bud break. C:N ratio in shoot was positively related to ABA content in buds. Cytokinins – zeatin (Z), zeatin riboside (ZR) and dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR) in buds increased consistently from 30 days before bud break till floral bud initiation. In paclobutrazol treated trees, increase in ZR and DHZR contents in buds were positively related to leaf w. GA4, GA3, GA7 and GA1 were the prominent GAs in the leaves and buds. In buds, these gibberellins followed trends opposite to that of cytokinins. The paclobutrazol treatment declined GA4, GA3, GA7 and GA1 contents both in leaves and buds; with buds being more receptive to paclobutrazol treatment. These results implicated that paclobutrazol besides affecting gibberellins also increases ABA and cytokinin contents concomitant with C:N ratio and leaf w in mango buds to elicit flowering responses.Not Availabl

Migration patterns and remittance transfer in Nepal: a case study of Sainik Basti in Western Nepal

International labour migration is a main livelihood strategy for many people in Nepal. This article analyses the migration process from the perspective of migrants and their non-migrating household members, exploring the institutional regulations that structure the organization of migration and the cash flows involved. The results are based on a case study conducted in Sainik Basti, Western Nepal, in 2002. The article shows that for different destinations there are specific ways of organizing migration. These country-specific ways of organizing migration demand specific assets from prospective migrants and their household members and therefore influence their choice of destination. Savings are remitted back home mainly by carrying them personally or by using the hundi system. In spite of the risks and difficulties involved, international labour migration often contributes to sustainable livelihoods. The main outcomes of migration are increased financial capital, education of the children, migrationspecific knowledge, and increased social capital. This enlarged asset endowment lowers both investment costs and risks involved in migration, and thereby increases its potential net return. Each act of migration therefore facilitates and stimulates subsequentmigration

Antimicrobial Peptides of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Mode of Action, Genetics and Biosynthesis.

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