Peer reviewed abstract submitted to the College of Health Sciences, Osun State University Annual Scientific Conference, June 15-19, 2020

Introduction: MDR-TB poses a significant challenge to global management of TB. Laboratories in many countries among which include Nigeria are unable to evaluate drug resistance, and clinical predictors of MDR-TB might help target suspected patients.Method: The study was a cross sectional study design. Multistage sampling technique was employed in the selection of 403 tuberculosis patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Level of significance was set at P<0.05.Results: Fifty three 53 (13.2%) of the total respondent had MDR-TB compare to national prevalence of 8% which is steeper among males 36(67.9%) (p>0.05). Education and Occupation shows a significant association with MDR-TB, (÷2=24.640, p = 0.007) and (÷2=14.416, p=0.006) respectively, smoking (r=0.074, p<0.05) and alcohol consumption (r=0.083, p>0.05) show no significant association with occurrence MDR-TB.Conclusion: Previous TB treatment and Adherence with treatment regimen were found to be the major risk factor for MDR-TB. Targeted educational intervention for patients and their contacts may minimize the non-adherence with prescribed TB treatment and lessen MDR-TB magnitude. Key words: TB Patients, MDR-TB, tuberculosis, risk factors

Risk Factors Associated with MDR-TB among Tuberculosis Patients in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria

Introduction: In Nigeria, patients accessing Directory Observed Therapy (DOTS) treatment are exposed to resistance to anti-TB drugs, hence is  considered a priority, only few studies have focused on the relevant risk factors, Factors leading to development of drug resistance need to be understood to develop appropriate control strategies for national programsMethod: The study was a cross sectional study design. Multistage sampling technique was employed in the selection of 403 tuberculosis patients in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State. Data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Level of significance was set at P<0.05.Results: Fifty three (13.2%) of the total respondent had Multidrug Resistant TB (MDR-TB) which is more among the males 36(67.9%) (p>0.05). Education and Occupation shows a significant association with MDR-TB, (χ2=24.640, p =0.007) and (χ2=14.416, p = 0.006) respectively,risk factors such asprevious TB treatment and Adherence with treatment regimen (r=0.270, p<0.05), HIV (r=0.168, p<0.05) and smoking (ß=0.107, t=2.144, p<0.05) were statistically associated with development of acquired MDR-TB.Conclusion: This finding revealed that Previous TB treatment andAdherence with treatment regimen were found to be the major risk factor for MDR-TB. Targeted educational intervention for patients and their contacts may minimize the nonadherence with prescribed TB treatment and lessen MDR-TB magnitude. High quality directly observed treatment should be strengthened to ensure that the previously treated patients can receive standard and regular regimens. Keywords: TB Patients, MDR-TB, tuberculosis, Risk factors.   French Title: Facteurs de risque associés à la MDR-TB parmi les patientstuberculeux à Ibadan, état d'Oyo, Nigéria Introduction: Au Nigéria, les patients accédant au traitement DOTS (Directory Observed Therapy) sont exposés à une résistance aux médicaments  antituberculeux, ce qui est considéré comme une priorité, seules quelques études se sont concentrées sur les facteurs de risque pertinents. Les facteurs menant au développement d'être compris pour développer des stratégies de contrôle appropriées pour les programmes nationaux.Méthode de l'étude: L'étude était un plan d'étude transversale. Une technique d'échantillonnage à plusieurs degrés a été utilisée pour  sélectionner 403 patients tuberculeux dans la région du gouvernement local d'Ibadan Nord de l'état d'Oyo. Les données ont été collectées à l'aide d'un questionnaire structuré auto-administré et analysées à l'aide de la version 25 du SPSS. Le niveau de signification a été fixé à P <0,05.Résultats de l'étude: Cinquante-trois (13,2%) des répondants totaux avaient une tuberculose multi résistante (MDR-TB), ce qui est plus parmi les hommes 36 (67,9%) (p> 0,05). L'éducation et la profession montrent une association significative avec la TB-MR, (χ2 = 24,640, p = 0,007) et (χ2 = 14,416, p = 0,006) respectivement, des facteurs de risque tels que le traitement antituberculeux antérieur et l'observance du schéma thérapeutique (r =0,270, p <0,05), le VIH (r = 0,168, p <0,05) et le tabagisme (ß = 0,107, t = 2,144, p <0,05) étaient statistiquement associés au développement de la TB-MR acquise.Conclusion: Ce résultat a révélé que le traitement antituberculeux antérieur et l'observance du schéma thérapeutique étaient les principaux  facteurs de risque de TB-MR. Une intervention éducative ciblée pour les patients et leurs contacts peut minimiser la non-observance du traitement antituberculeux prescrit et réduire l'ampleur de la TB-MR. Un traitement de haute qualité directement observé doit être renforcé pour garantir queles patients précédemment traités puissent recevoir des schémas standards et réguliers. Mots-clés: Patients TB, MDR-TB, tuberculose, facteurs de risque &nbsp

Evaluation of knowledge and practice of pharmaceutical waste disposal in hospitals and pharmacies within Lagos State, Nigeria

Background: Treatment and disposal of waste is a major challenge in most developing countries, including Nigeria. Improper disposal of pharmaceutical waste could have negative impact on the environment and human health as they can cause harmful effects.Objectives: This study assessed the knowledge and practise of healthcare personnel in Lagos State, Nigeria towards pharmaceutical waste disposal.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey carried out using structured questionnaires. Target respondents were healthcare workers involved in the use and disposal of pharmaceutical waste in several hospitals and pharmacies located within the State. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and presented as tables and charts using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: There was 83.3 % response to the questionnaires. Majority of the respondents (63.07 %) dispose refuse via authorized garbage collectors. The survey indicated that the drainage systems of most hospitals and pharmacies are connected to general drainages while 6.2 % have sewage systems installed. Most of the respondents (68.9 %) indicated that there was no waste disposal method in place for pharmaceutical waste. Knowledge of most appropriate disposal method for pharmaceutical waste amongst most of the respondents was poor (30.85 %).Conclusion: Limited knowledge on pharmaceutical waste disposal was evident amongst the respondents. Hence, the need to enlighten health care personnel on proper pharmaceutical waste disposal methods, so as to avoid associated environmental hazards, is recommended.Keywords: Healthcare workers, Pharmaceuticals, Waste disposal, Environmental, Hazar

Computational study of Cattaneo–Christov heat flux on cylindrical surfaces using CNT hybrid nanofluids: A solar-powered ship implementation

This study examines the potential of using nanofluids in solar thermal energy systems. Nanofluids are known to exhibit high convection heat transfer coefficients, low specific heat, and density, making them ideal for improving the performance of solar thermal energy systems. However, this computational study investigates the application of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux on cylindrical surfaces using carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid nanofluids, for use in a solar-powered ship. The work utilizes numerical simulations to analyze the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of the hybrid nanofluids. The research examines the use of single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT and MWCNT) in engine oil (EO) as the working fluid. The Galerkin weighted residual method (GWRM) is utilized to solve the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) governing the system. The impact of various parameters, such as Cattaneo-Christov heat flux, solar thermal radiation, nonlinear stretching surface, slippery velocity, and porous media on the velocity equation, energy equation, and entropy generation are investigated and elaborated through detailed plots. The findings show that the MWCNT-SWCNT/EO hybrid nanofluid (HNF) exhibits maximum efficiency of around 2.4%, while the minimum efficiency is at 2.7%. This research provides valuable insights into the design and optimization of solar thermal systems for sustainable transportation

Approximate-analytical solutions of the quadratic Logistic differential model via SAM

This paper applies the novel Successive Approximation Method (SAM) for the solution of the quadratic Logistic Differential Model (LDM). To confirm the reliability of the method, illustrative examples are considered, and it is remarked that the approximateanalytical solutions of the considered cases are computed with ease. The proposed technique is used directly, without transformation, discretization, linearization, or any restrictive assumptions