1,692 research outputs found
3D FEA modelling of laminated composites in bending and their failure mechanisms
keywords: 3D keywords: 3D keywords: 3D keywords: 3D keywords: 3DAbstract This paper developed three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to investigate the effect of fibre lay-up on the initiation of failure of laminated composites in bending. Tsai-Hill failure criterion was applied to identify the critical areas of failure in composite laminates. In accordance with the 3D FEA, unidirectional ([0]16), cross-ply ([0/90]4s) and angle-ply ([±45]4s) laminates made up of pre-preg Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) composites were manufactured and tested under three-point bending. The basic principles of Classical Laminate Theory (CLT) were extended to three-dimension, and the analytical solution was critically compared with the FEA results. The 3D FEA results revealed significant transverse normal stresses in the cross-ply laminate and in-plane shear stress in the angle-ply laminate near free edge regions which are overlooked by conventional laminate model. The microscopic images showed that these free edge effects were the main reason for stiffness reduction observed in the bending tests. The study illustrated the significant effects of fibre lay-up on the flexural failure mechanisms in composite laminates which lead to some suggestions to improve the design of composite laminates
A set of exactly solvable Ising models with half-odd-integer spin
We present a set of exactly solvable Ising models, with half-odd-integer
spin-S on a square-type lattice including a quartic interaction term in the
Hamiltonian. The particular properties of the mixed lattice, associated with
mixed half-odd-integer spin-(S,1/2) and only nearest-neighbour interaction,
allow us to map this system either onto a purely spin-1/2 lattice or onto a
purely spin-S lattice. By imposing the condition that the mixed
half-odd-integer spin-(S,1/2) lattice must have an exact solution, we found a
set of exact solutions that satisfy the {\it free fermion} condition of the
eight vertex model. The number of solutions for a general half-odd-integer
spin-S is given by . Therefore we conclude that this transformation is
equivalent to a simple spin transformation which is independent of the
coordination number
Expanding human variation at PLOS Genetics
The âexperiments of natureâ that underlie genetics engage all organisms equally: from microbes and slime molds to plants and vertebrates, the inextricable connection between genotype and phenotype lies at the core of our community. That community is remarkably diverse, spanning an array of not only organisms but also approaches and questions; indeed, diversity is one of the main reasons we enjoy contributing to the journal
Generalized Transformation for Decorated Spin Models
The paper discusses the transformation of decorated Ising models into an
effective \textit{undecorated} spin models, using the most general Hamiltonian
for interacting Ising models including a long range and high order
interactions. The inverse of a Vandermonde matrix with equidistant nodes
is used to obtain an analytical expression of the transformation. This
kind of transformation is very useful to obtain the partition function of
decorated systems. The method presented by Fisher is also extended, in order to
obtain the correlation functions of the decorated Ising models transforming
into an effective undecorated Ising models. We apply this transformation to a
particular mixed spin-(1/2,1) and (1/2,2) square lattice with only nearest site
interaction. This model could be transformed into an effective uniform spin-
square lattice with nearest and next-nearest interaction, furthermore the
effective Hamiltonian also include combinations of three-body and four-body
interactions, particularly we considered spin 1 and 2.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure
Probabilistic analysis of the upwind scheme for transport
We provide a probabilistic analysis of the upwind scheme for
multi-dimensional transport equations. We associate a Markov chain with the
numerical scheme and then obtain a backward representation formula of
Kolmogorov type for the numerical solution. We then understand that the error
induced by the scheme is governed by the fluctuations of the Markov chain
around the characteristics of the flow. We show, in various situations, that
the fluctuations are of diffusive type. As a by-product, we prove that the
scheme is of order 1/2 for an initial datum in BV and of order 1/2-a, for all
a>0, for a Lipschitz continuous initial datum. Our analysis provides a new
interpretation of the numerical diffusion phenomenon
An approximate solution of the MHD Falkner-Skan flow by Hermite functions pseudospectral method
Based on a new approximation method, namely pseudospectral method, a solution
for the three order nonlinear ordinary differential laminar boundary layer
Falkner-Skan equation has been obtained on the semi-infinite domain. The
proposed approach is equipped by the orthogonal Hermite functions that have
perfect properties to achieve this goal. This method solves the problem on the
semi-infinite domain without truncating it to a finite domain and transforming
domain of the problem to a finite domain. In addition, this method reduces
solution of the problem to solution of a system of algebraic equations. We also
present the comparison of this work with numerical results and show that the
present method is applicable.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures; Published online in the journal of
"Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation
From Fractional Chern Insulators to a Fractional Quantum Spin Hall Effect
We investigate the algebraic structure of flat energy bands a partial filling
of which may give rise to a fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect (or a
fractional Chern insulator) and a fractional quantum spin Hall effect. Both
effects arise in the case of a sufficiently flat energy band as well as a
roughly flat and homogeneous Berry curvature, such that the global Chern
number, which is a topological invariant, may be associated with a local
non-commutative geometry. This geometry is similar to the more familiar
situation of the fractional quantum Hall effect in two-dimensional electron
systems in a strong magnetic field.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure; published version with labels in Figs. 2 and 3
correcte
Performance comparison among the major healthcare financing systems in six Cities of the Pearl River Delta Region, Mainland China
<br><b>Background</b> The healthcare system of mainland China is undergoing drastic reform and the optimal models for healthcare financing for provision of primary care will need to be identified. This study compared the performance indicators of the community health centres (CHCs) under different healthcare financing systems in the six cities of the Pearl River Delta region.</br>
<br><b>Methods</b> Approximately 300 hypertensive patients were randomly recruited from the computerized chronic disease management records provided by one CHC in each of the six cities in 2011 using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The major outcome measures included the treatment rate of hypertension, defined as prescription of ≥ one antihypertensive agent; and the control rate of hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure levels <140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure levels <90 mmHg in patients without diabetes mellitus, or <130/80 mmHg among patients with concomitant diabetes. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted with these two measures as outcome variables, respectively, controlling for patientsâ socio-demographic variables. The financing system (Hospital- vs. Government- vs. private-funded) was the independent variable tested for association with the outcomes.</br>
<br><b>Results</b> From 1,830 patients with an average age of 65.9 years (SD 12.8), the overall treatment and control rates were 75.4% and 20.2%, respectively. When compared with hospital-funded CHCs, patients seen in the Government-funded (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.462, 95% C.I. 0.325â0.656) and private-funded CHCs (AOR 0.031, 95% C.I. 0.019â0.052) were significantly less likely to be prescribed antihypertensive medication. However, the Government-funded CHC was more likely to have optimal BP control (AOR 1.628, 95% C.I. 1.157â2.291) whilst the privately-funded CHC was less likely to achieve BP control (AOR 0.146, 95% C.I. 0.069â0.310), irrespective of whether antihypertensive drugs were prescribed.</br>
<br><b>Conclusions</b> Privately-funded CHCs had the lowest rates of BP treatment and control due to a variety of potential factors as discussed.</br>
Evaluating the strength of genetic results: Risks and responsibilities
In this issue, we are publishing an Editorial Expression of Concern in connection with a recent article on the genetics of multiple sclerosis (MS). In brief, the authors used exome sequencing of families with multiple individuals diagnosed with MS to identify 21 missense or nonsense mutations in 12 genes, and they then suggest that these 12 genes provide a platform for additional research. Following publication, concerns were raised about the validity of some of the statements made in the manuscript, leading us to a series of discussions, both internally and with the authors. The purpose of this editorial is to describe the sequence of events, the rationale for our eventual publication of the Editorial Expression of Concern, and, in doing so, comment and engender discussion more broadly on the role of scientists as editors in what can sometimes be a grey area: the causal relationship between genetic and phenotypic variation
Transverse polarization in inclusive quasi-real photoproduction at the current fragmentation
It is shown that the recent HERMES data on the transverse
polarization in the inclusive quasi-real photoproduction at can be
accommodated by the strange quark scattering model. Relations with the quark
recombination approach are discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted by Eur. Phys. J.
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