Associative effects in diets composed of alfalfa and corn soybean concentrate fed to growing cashmere goats

The associative effects resulting from the proportions of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and non fibre  carbohydrate (NFC) were explored and assessed by in vitro gas production . Total mixed rations (TMR)  composed primarily of alf a lfa and corn soybean concentrate were fed to growing cashmere goats. Treatments were defined by three proportions of NFC and NDF namely 2.00 ( TMR1), 2.35 ( TMR2), and 3.00 ( that were used to grow cashmere goats , and these TRMs were incubated for 48 h ours to evaluate their influence on  associative effects. The results indicated that the associative influences of these treatments on gas production  occurred within the cultures predominantly at 2 8 hours, and disappeared gradually as culture time was ex tended . TMR 2 and TMR3 incubation increased gas production compared with that observed in the other groups at all incubation times P > 0.05), and these groups exhibited positive associative effects, particularly during the early hours of incubation P <0.05 )). TMR 3 displayed the best associative effect

Flux dynamics and vortex phase diagram of the new superconductor MgB2MgB_2

Magnetic critical current density and relaxation rate have been measured on $MgB_2$ bulks from 1.6 K to $T_c$ at magnetic fields up to 8 Tesla. A vortex phase diagram is depicted based on these measurement. Two phase boundaries $H_{irr}^{bulk}(T)$ and $H_{irr}^{g}(T)$ characterizing different irreversible flux motions are found. The $H_{irr}^{bulk}(T)$ is characterized by the appearance of the linear resistivity and is attributed to quantum vortex melting induced by quantum fluctuation of vortices in the rather clean system. The second boundary $H_{irr}^g(T)$ reflects the irreversible flux motion in some local regions due to either very strong pinning or the surface barrier on the tiny grains.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Generation of Long-Lived Isomeric States via Bremsstrahlung Irradiation

A method to generate long-lived isomeric states effectively for Mossbauer applications is reported. We demonstrate that this method is better and easier to provide highly sensitive Mossbauer effect of long-lived isomers (>1ms) such as 103Rh. Excitation of (gamma,gamma) process by synchrotron radiation is painful due mainly to their limited linewidth. Instead,(gamma,gamma') process of bremsstrahlung excitation is applied to create these long-lived isomers. Isomers of 45Sc, 107Ag, 109Ag, and 103Rh have been generated from this method. Among them, 103Rh is the only one that we have obtained the gravitational effect at room temperature.Comment: ICAME 05 conference repor

Heavy--light mesons in a bilocal effective theory

Heavy--light mesons are described in an effective quark theory with a two--body vector--type interaction. The bilocal interaction is taken to be instantaneous in the rest frame of the bound state, but formulated covariantly through the use of a boost vector. The chiral symmetry of the light flavor is broken spontaneously at mean field level. The framework for our discussion of bound states is the effective bilocal meson action obtained by bosonization of the quark theory. Mesons are described by 3--dimensional wave functions satisfying Salpeter equations, which exhibit both Goldstone solutions in the chiral limit and heavy--quark symmetry for $m_Q\rightarrow\infty$. We present numerical solutions for pseudoscalar $D$-- and $B$--mesons. Heavy--light meson spectra and decay constants are seen to be sensitive to the description of chiral symmetry breaking (dynamically generated vs.\ constant quark mass).Comment: (34 p., standard LaTeX, 7 PostScript figures appended) UNITUE-THEP-17/9

Structural and superconducting properties of MgB2−x_{2-x}Bex_x

We prepared MgB$_{2-x}$Be$_{x}$ ($x=0$, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.6) samples where B is substituted with Be. MgB$_{2}$ structure is maintained up to $x=0.6$. In-plane and inter-plane lattice constants were found to decrease and increase, respectively. Superconducting transition temperature $T_{c}$ decreases with $x$. We found that the $T_{c}$ decrease is correlated with in-plane contraction but is insensitive to carrier doping, which is consistent with other substitution studies such as Mg$_{1-x}$Al$_{x}$B$_{2}$ and MgB$_{2-x}$C$_{x}$. Implication of this work is discussed in terms of the 2D nature of $\sigma$-band.Comment: 3 pages,4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.

Soft x-ray spectroscopy experiments on the near K-edge of B in MB2 (M=Mg, Al, Ta, and Nb)

Soft X-ray absorption and emission measurements are performed for the K- edge of B in MB$_2$ (M=Mg, Al, Ta and Nb). Unique feature of MgB$_2$ with a high density of B 2$p_{xy}(\sigma)$-state below and above the Fermi edge, which extends to 1 eV above the edge, is confirmed. In contrast, the B 2$p$ density of states in AlB$_2$ and TaB$_2$, both of occupied and unoccupied states, decreased linearly towards the Fermi energy and showed a dip at the Fermi energy. Furthermore, there is a broadening of the peaks with $p\sigma$-character in XES and XAS of AlB$_2$, which is due to the increase of three dimensionality in the $p\sigma$-band in AlB$_2$. The DOS of NbB$_2$ has a dip just below the Fermi energy. The present results indicate that the large DOS of B-2$p\sigma$ states near the Fermi energy are crucial for the superconductivity of MgB$_2$.Comment: 3 pages text and 4 pages figures. accepted for publication to Phys. Rev.

Density Matrix in Quantum Mechanics and Distinctness of Ensembles Having the Same Compressed Density Matrix

We clarify different definitions of the density matrix by proposing the use of different names, the full density matrix for a single-closed quantum system, the compressed density matrix for the averaged single molecule state from an ensemble of molecules, and the reduced density matrix for a part of an entangled quantum system, respectively. We show that ensembles with the same compressed density matrix can be physically distinguished by observing fluctuations of various observables. This is in contrast to a general belief that ensembles with the same compressed density matrix are identical. Explicit expression for the fluctuation of an observable in a specified ensemble is given. We have discussed the nature of nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computing. We show that the conclusion that there is no quantum entanglement in the current nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computing experiment is based on the unjustified belief that ensembles having the same compressed density matrix are identical physically. Related issues in quantum communication are also discussed.Comment: 26 pages. To appear in Foundations of Physics, 36 (8), 200