Multivariate Affine Fractal Interpolation

Fractal interpolation functions capture the irregularity of some data very effectively in comparison with the classical interpolants. They yield a new technique for fitting experimental data sampled from real world signals, which are usually difficult to represent using the classical approaches. The affine fractal interpolants constitute a generalization of the broken line interpolation, which appears as a particular case of the linear self-affine functions for specific values of the scale parameters. We study the p convergence of this type of interpolants for 1 = p < 8 extending in this way the results available in the literature. In the second part, the affine approximants are defined in higher dimensions via product of interpolation spaces, considering rectangular grids in the product intervals. The associate operator of projection is considered. Some properties of the new functions are established and the aforementioned operator on the space of continuousfunctions defined on a multidimensional compact rectangle is studied

Genetic divergence and its implication in breeding of desired plant type in coriander -Coriandrum sativum L.-

Seventy germplasm lines of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) of diverse eco-geographical origin were undertaken in present investigation to determine the genetic divergence following multivariate and canonical analysis for seed yield and its 9 component traits. The 70 genotypes were grouped into 9 clusters depending upon the genetic architecture of genotypes and characters uniformity and confirmed by canonical analysis. Seventy percent of total genotypes (49/70) were grouped in 4 clusters (V, VI, VIII and IX), while apparent diversity was noticed for 30 percent genotypes (21/70) that diverged into 5 clusters (I, II, III, FV, and VII). The maximum inter cluster distance was between I and IV (96.20) followed by III and IV (91.13) and I and VII (87.15). The cluster VI was very unique having genotypes of high mean values for most of the component traits. The cluster VII had highest seeds/umbel (35.3 ± 2.24), and leaves/plant (12.93 ± 0.55), earliest flowering (65.05 ± 1.30) and moderately high mean values for other characters. Considering high mean and inter cluster distance breeding plan has been discussed to select desirable plant types

An evolutionary computing frame work toward object extraction from satellite images

Image interpretation domains have witnessed the application of many intelligent methodologies over the past decade; however the effective use of evolutionary computing techniques for feature detection has been less explored. In this paper, we critically analyze the possibility of using cellular neural network for accurate feature detection. Contextual knowledge has been effectively represented by incorporating spectral and spatial aspects using adaptive kernel strategy. Developed methodology has been compared with traditional approaches in an object based context and investigations revealed that considerable success has been achieved with the procedure. Intelligent interpretation, automatic interpolation, and effective contextual representations are the features of the system

Performances evaluation of different open source

In Open sources DEMs such as SRTM, ASTER and Cartosat-1, various factors affecting the accuracy of satellite based DEM such as errors during data collection, systematic errors and unknown errors that are geographically dependent on terrain conditions cannot be avoided. For these reasons it is very necessary to check and compare the performances and validation of the above mentioned different satellite based DEMs. Accuracy assessment of these DEM has been done using DGPS points. For these points proper interpolation of the surface was developed using different interpolation techniques. For the generation of the surface the first step was converting the satellite based DEMs height into linear interpolation contour maps of 1 m interval. Then came selecting random sample points on the contour line and generating the interpolated surface using different interpolation techniques such as IDW, GPI, RBF, OK and UK, LPI, TR and BI, which are commonly used in geomorphology research. This interpolated surface helps in proper representation of the terrain and was checked under different terrain surfaces. For validation of DGPS points the height was taken for ground control points and standard statistical tests such as ME and RMSE were applied. From above investigation, it is reveals that above mention DEMs which are used for study. Cartosat-1 (30 m) data product is better than SRTM (90 m) and ASTER (30 m) because it had produced low RMSE of 3.49 m without applying the interpolation method. Investigation also reveals after applying the interpolation techniques on this data error can be reduced. In the case of Cartosat-1 and SRTM, low RMSE and ME were produced by the BI method, where Cartosat-1 DEM had an RMSE of 3.36 m with ME of −2.74 m, respectively. But in this case, RMSE and ME of SRTM is 2.73 m and −0.36 m, respectively. BI is designed for image processing and can be used for imagery were a maximum height variation in satellite DEM and terrain height is minimum. But in the case of ASTER DEM, the GPI method with a high polynomial order of 9 had produced a low RMSE of 4.99 m. The GPI method can be applied where maximum height variation in satellite DEM and in terrain is more

Clinical Evaluation of the Mycobacteriophage-based Assay in Rapid Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Respiratory Specimens

Context: Search for a cost-effective, rapid and accurate test has renewed interest in mycobacteriophage as a tool in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). There has been no reported data on the performance of phage assay in a high burden, low-resource setting like Kanpur city, India. Aims: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of the FASTPlaque TBTM kit ability to impact the bacillary load in the phage assay and its performance in the sputum smear sample negative cases. Materials and Methods: The study involved a cross-sectional blinded assessment of phage assay using the FASTPlaque TBTM kit on 68 suspected cases of pulmonary TB against sputum smear microscopy by Ziehl-Neilsen staining and culture by the LJ method. Results: The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of the phage assay were 90.7, 96, 97.5 and 85.7%, respectively. The assay was negative in all the five specimens growing mycobacteria other than TB. The sensitivity of the phage assay tended to decrease with the bacillary load. Of the smear-negative cases, three were false negative, and all of which were detected by the phage assay. Smear microscopy (three smears per patient) had a sensitivity and specificity of 93 and 64%, respectively. Conclusions: The phage assay has the potential clinical utility as a simple means of rapid and accurate detection of live Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli; however, its performance has been inconsistent across various studies, which highlights that the assay requires a high degree of quality control demanding infrastructure and its performance is vulnerable to common adversities observed in "out of research" practice settings like storage, transport and cross-contamination

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Not AvailableIn order to assess groundwater quality and its suitability for irrigation for sustainable crop production, 88 groundwater samples of Lakhan Majra block of Rohtak District, Haryana were collected and evaluated. The samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), anions (CO32-, HCO3 -, Cl- and SO42-) and cations (Ca2+, Mg 2+, Na+ and K+). In addition to these water quality indices, Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) were also computed. The study revealed that the EC and pH of water samples varied from 0.10 to 3.80 dS m-1 and 7.4 to 8.5 with a mean value of 1.03 dS m-1 and 7.9, respectively. The relative abundance of major ions for most of the water samples were Na+ > Mg2+> Ca2+ > K+ for cations and Cl- > SO4 -> HCO3O32- for anions. SAR and RSC varied from 5.53 to 39.75 (mmol L-1)½ and nil to 11.00 meq L-1 with an average value of 14.73 (mmol L-1) ½ and 3.65 meq L-1, respectively. Based on EC, RSC and SAR values all the samples were grouped into four major categories viz., good, marginal, poor and very poor. The study revealed that nearly 22.7 percent area of the block is under marginal quality of groundwater, while 27.3 per cent area is in poor to very poor quality of groundwater which is unsuitable for irrigation purpose. Thus, groundwater should be used after mixing canal water for sustainable crop production and reduce environmental pollutionNot Availabl

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Not AvailablePackaging is a vital part of any commodity. A wide variety of containers have been manufactured as per the need or type of product to be packed. Synthetic polymers from petroleum sources are popular due to their superior physical properties and durability. However, synthetic polymers increase the carbon emission in the atmosphere during the production process which is detrimental to the ozone layer. A major portion of the synthetic polymers are not biodegradable and end up in landfills or in the oceans. They are now considered a menace to the environment and living resources if not disposed of properly. Biopolymers are derived from natural sources like plant or animals. Different packaging applications using biopolymers are being researched upon. The advantages of biopolymers are that during their degradation in the soil the carbon dioxide released is reabsorbed by the plants and this reduces the carbon levels in the atmosphere. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a thermoplastic biopolymer derived from corn, sugarcane or cassava and has end-use application in food, medical, automobile, and printing industry. PLA is modified suitably based on the application by crosslinking or synthesizing with other polymers or by incorporating different fillers from natural origin. PLA has been blended with different types of clays, cellulose nanocrystal, thermoplastic starch, chitosan, etc. to enhance its properties. The fillers have either a negative or positive effect on the films physical property. The levels of incorporation are varied depending on the compatibility. The film characteristics generally include thickness, heat seal, tensile strength and elongation at break, film barrier properties such as water vapour and oxygen transmission rate, etc. The overall migration of the films are also needed to determine to check its suitability for food contact applications. FTIR spectroscopy and surface characteristics were determined by using a scanning electron microscope. For evaluating the films for food packaging, different PLA films have been used for packing of fish/prawns during chilled storage. The shelf life of the fish/prawns is determined based on microbiological and biochemical evaluations and end point limits. The antimicrobial properties of the films are also estimated against specific microorganisms. Various studies have found that PLA films are suitable for packaging of food products at various conditions.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIn order to assess groundwater quality and its suitability for irrigation for sustainable crop production, 88 groundwater samples of Lakhan Majra block of Rohtak District, Haryana were collected and evaluated. The samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), anions (CO32-, HCO3 -, Cl- and SO42-) and cations (Ca2+, Mg 2+, Na+ and K+). In addition to these water quality indices, Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) were also computed. The study revealed that the EC and pH of water samples varied from 0.10 to 3.80 dS m-1 and 7.4 to 8.5 with a mean value of 1.03 dS m-1 and 7.9, respectively. The relative abundance of major ions for most of the water samples were Na+ > Mg2+> Ca2+ > K+ for cations and Cl- > SO4 -> HCO3O32- for anions. SAR and RSC varied from 5.53 to 39.75 (mmol L-1)½ and nil to 11.00 meq L-1 with an average value of 14.73 (mmol L-1) ½ and 3.65 meq L-1, respectively. Based on EC, RSC and SAR values all the samples were grouped into four major categories viz., good, marginal, poor and very poor. The study revealed that nearly 22.7 percent area of the block is under marginal quality of groundwater, while 27.3 per cent area is in poor to very poor quality of groundwater which is unsuitable for irrigation purpose. Thus, groundwater should be used after mixing canal water for sustainable crop production and reduce environmental pollution.Not Availabl

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In order to assess groundwater quality and its suitability for irrigation for sustainable crop production, 88 groundwater samples of Lakhan Majra block of Rohtak District, Haryana were collected and evaluated. The samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), anions (CO32-, HCO3 -, Cl- and SO42-) and cations (Ca2+, Mg 2+, Na+ and K+). In addition to these water quality indices, Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) were also computed. The study revealed that the EC and pH of water samples varied from 0.10 to 3.80 dS m-1 and 7.4 to 8.5 with a mean value of 1.03 dS m-1 and 7.9, respectively. The relative abundance of major ions for most of the water samples were Na+ > Mg2+> Ca2+ > K+ for cations and Cl- > SO4 -> HCO3O32- for anions. SAR and RSC varied from 5.53 to 39.75 (mmol L-1)½ and nil to 11.00 meq L-1 with an average value of 14.73 (mmol L-1) ½ and 3.65 meq L-1, respectively. Based on EC, RSC and SAR values all the samples were grouped into four major categories viz., good, marginal, poor and very poor. The study revealed that nearly 22.7 percent area of the block is under marginal quality of groundwater, while 27.3 per cent area is in poor to very poor quality of groundwater which is unsuitable for irrigation purpose. Thus, groundwater should be used after mixing canal water for sustainable crop production and reduce environmental pollution.Not Availabl

In Silico Characterization and Homology Modeling of Thylakoid bound Ascorbate Peroxidase from a Drought Tolerant Wheat Cultivar

Ascorbate peroxidase, a haem protein (EC 1.11.1.11), efficiently scavenges hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in cytosol and chloroplasts of plants. In this study, a full-length coding sequence of thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase cDNA (TatAPX) was cloned from a drought tolerant wheat cultivar C306. Homology modeling of the TatAPX protein was performed by using the template crystal structure of chloroplastic ascorbate peroxidase from tobacco plant (PDB: 1IYN). The model structure was further refined by molecular mechanics and dynamic methods using various tools such as PROCHECK, ProSA and Verify3D. The predicted model was then tested for docking with H2O2, the substrate for TatAPX enzyme. The results revealed that Arg233 and Glu255 in the predicted active site of the enzyme are two important amino acid residues responsible for strong hydrogen bonding affinity with H2O2, which might play an important role in scavenging of H2O2 from the plant system