Writing for their lives: women applicants to The Royal Literary Fund

The purpose of this article is to fill some of the gaps in our knowledge of those women writers in the lower echelons of the literary world of mid-Victorian England. Through an examination of the resources of the Royal Literary Fund the paper aims to provide a portrait of the career paths and lives of women writers who depended on their literary skills for a living

Relating the generating functionals in field/antifield formulation through finite field dependent BRST transformation

We study the field/antifield formulation of pure Yang Mills theory in the framework of finite field dependent BRST transformation. We show that the generating functionals corresponding to different solutions of quantum master equation are connected through the finite field dependent BRST transformations. We establish this result with the help of several explicit examples.Comment: Revtex4, 18 pages, No figs, Accepted in Eur. Phys. J

Evaluation of Alternative Guided Bus Designs: Results for Kingston Upon Hull.

This paper describes the background and methodology employed in research funded by the EPSRC to assess the traffic management implications of guided bus schemes. One central aim of the project is to demonstrate how simulation tools can be adapted to account for the special features of guided bus schemes and demonstrate their applicability on an actual planned scheme. Traditional bus priority measures are first assessed for their benefits and these are contrasted with those from the planned guided bus scheme. Variations to the planned scheme are also considered. A sophisticated microsimulation model is used to assess the impact of incorporating guided bus infrastructure into three planned schemes. Two of these are from Leeds and Kingston-upon-Hull and are largely within the existing Road infrastructure, whilst the third is from Chester and is largely segregated from the existing road infrastructure. This paper deals exclusively with the Kingston-upon-Hull scheme. The network under consideration is due north of Hull city center and contains two main arterials, the Beverley Road and Stoneferry Road, together with a network of connecting roads. The traditional bus priority measures are concentrated on the Beverley Road, which is currently the main bus arterial of the two roads. When the guideways are constructed the intention is that the Stoneferry Road would become a more important bus arterial than it currently is. The planned guided bus scheme exists in four variants: two-way at the kerb; two-way in the median; tidal in the median and an elevated section located in the median. This paper describes the evaluation of the base network; the individual traditional priority measures; the combined traditional priority measures and the four planned guided bus schemes

National Multi-Modal Travel Forecasts. Literature Review: Aggregate Models

This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art in the production of National Multi-Modal Travel Forecasts. The review concentrates on the UK travel market and the various attempts to produce a set of accurate, coherent and credible forecasts. The paper starts by a brief introduction to the topic area. The second section gives a description of the background to the process and the problems involved in producing forecasts. Much of the material and terminology in the section, which covers modelling methodologies, is from Ortúzar and Willumsen (1994). The paper then goes on to review the forecasting methodology used by the Department of Transport (DoT) to produce the periodic National Road Traffic Forecasts (NRTF), which are the most significant set of travel forecasts in the UK. A brief explanation of the methodology will be given. The next section contains details of how other individuals and organisations have used, commented on or attempted to enhance the DoT methodology and forecasts. It will be noted that the DoT forecasts are only concerned with road traffic forecasts, with other modes (rail, air and sea) only impacting on these forecasts when there is a transfer to or from the road transport sector. So the following sections explore the attempts to produce explicit travel and transportation forecasts for these other modes. The final section gathers together a set of issues which are raised by this review and might be considered by the project

Recognising a partitionable simplicial complex is in NP

We show that the problem of recognising a partitionable simplicial complex is a member of the complexity class NP, thus answering a question raised in [1