Alternative approaches to the cartographic analysis and representation of sea level rise by means of digital elevation models: the case Miami-Dade County (Florida, USA)

En este trabajo se presentan tres aproximaciones cartográficas del fenómeno de la subida del nivel medio del mar en el Condado de Miami-Dade. Frente al uso tradicional de modelos digitales de elevaciones para distinguir de manera dicotómica, entre celdillas inundables y no inundables, se proponen tres alternativas que permiten realizar análisis de mayor profundidad y expresividad. La primera aproximación consiste en una representación dicotómica de siete escenarios y/o modelos en un único mapa, lo cual permite una sencilla visualización de un amplio abanico de posibles situaciones futuras contempladas por la comunidad científica. La segunda aproximación es temporal, puesto que representa la fecha en la que, de acuerdo con un único escenario de inundación, será cubierta una celdilla durante situaciones de pleamar. La tercera aproximación representa en cada celdilla la tasa lineal de cambio del nivel medio del mar que debe producirse como promedio durante el siglo XXI para que una celdilla quede inundada durante pleamares de coeficiente 0,7. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una elevada probabilidad de inundación por subida del nivel medio del mar en el norte de la ciudad de Miami a medio y largo plazo.The aim of this paper is to present three different cartographic approaches to sea level rise in Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA. In comparison to the traditional use of digital elevation models to distinguish between inundated and non-inundated cells, three alternatives that allow deeper analysis and cartographic expression are proposed. The first approach represents seven scenarios and/or models in a single map, which allows an easy viewing of a wide range of possible future situations accepted by the scientific community. The second approach is temporal, and it represents the date on which each cell will be inundated during high tides. The third approach represents the linear rate of mean sea level rise during the XXI century in which a cell remains flooded during a high tide coefficient of 0.7. Obtained results show a high probability of inundation due to sea level rise in medium and long term in Miami

Approaches to the cartographic analysis and representation of sea level rise by means of digital elevation models, the cases of West Palm Beach and Miami-Dade Couties (Florida, USA)

Recoge información de las VIII Jornadas de Geomorfología Litora

Global survival trends for brain tumors, by histology: analysis of individual records for 556,237 adults diagnosed in 59 countries during 2000–2014 (CONCORD-3)

Background: Survival is a key metric of the effectiveness of a health system in managing cancer. We set out to provide a comprehensive examination of worldwide variation and trends in survival from brain tumors in adults, by histology. Methods: We analyzed individual data for adults (15–99 years) diagnosed with a brain tumor (ICD-O-3 topography code C71) during 2000–2014, regardless of tumor behavior. Data underwent a 3-phase quality control as part of CONCORD-3. We estimated net survival for 11 histology groups, using the unbiased nonparametric Pohar Perme estimator. Results: The study included 556,237 adults. In 2010–2014, the global range in age-standardized 5-year net survival for the most common sub-types was broad: in the range 20%–38% for diffuse and anaplastic astrocytoma, from 4% to 17% for glioblastoma, and between 32% and 69% for oligodendroglioma. For patients with glioblastoma, the largest gains in survival occurred between 2000–2004 and 2005–2009. These improvements were more noticeable among adults diagnosed aged 40–70 years than among younger adults. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the largest account to date of global trends in population-based survival for brain tumors by histology in adults. We have highlighted remarkable gains in 5-year survival from glioblastoma since 2005, providing large-scale empirical evidence on the uptake of chemoradiation at population level. Worldwide, survival improvements have been extensive, but some countries still lag behind. Our findings may help clinicians involved in national and international tumor pathway boards to promote initiatives aimed at more extensive implementation of clinical guidelines

Improving the learning processes of Physical Geography through the use of landscape photographs in class

The use of alternative teaching methods to lectures is one of the keys to develop a more participatory and effective education. In the teaching of Geography, greater interaction of students with elements of the landscape through the active use of photography could be one of the ways to achieve this efficiency. This article describes an experiment conducted in 2016 with students of the subject Physical Geography of the Iberian Peninsula. Two different teaching methodologies were applied to two groups of students. The first one was based on dividing the time of each class between participatory comments of landscape photographs and imparting theoretical knowledge through lectures. The second methodology consisted only of lectures, following a more traditional approach. Additionally, some students from the first group actively participated by uploading and tagging their own field pictures to a photographic repository of the University of Seville. The effectiveness of the different activities in each group was assessed through four tests, performed monthly. The results indicate that the use of landscape photographs as a participative teaching resource allows a more efficient learning of theoretical concepts. Therefore, the proposed methodology should be considered by those interested in improving the quality and effectiveness of their teaching of Geography

Alternative approaches to medium-long term sea level rise mapping in Southern Miami Beach (Florida, USA)

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate three temporal mapping approaches to predict Sea Level Rise (SLR) in the Southern Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA. These three temporal approaches provide an alternative to SLR prediction by the common binary method based on Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). The first temporal approach gathers seven theoretical and semi-empirical scenarios of SLR by the end the century in a single map. The second temporal approach is based on the calculation of the time horizon to inundate each cell of the DEM during ordinary high tides. Finally, the third temporal approach maps the minimum average rate of SLR by which a cell will be inundated by the year 2100. These approaches indicate that, in the second half of the 21st century, a large area on the coast of Miami will be inundated due to SLR. A survey conducted with a group of 73 experts concluded that these approaches were more suitable than other classical approaches for mapping SLR in urban areas

Morphometric and ultrastructural analysis of different pituitary cell populations in undernourished monkeys

Undernutrition elicited by a low-protein diet determines a marked reduction of hypophyseal activity and affects the function of the respective target organs. The objective of the present investigation was to study the ultrastructural and quantitative immunohistochemical changes of the different pituitary cell populations in undernourished monkeys that had been previously shown to have significant changes in craniofacial growth. Twenty Saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys of both sexes were used. The animals were born in captivity and were separated into two groups at one year of age, i.e., control and undernourished animals. The monkeys were fed ad libitum a 20% (control group) and a 10% (experimental group) protein diet for two years. Pituitaries were processed for light and electron microscopy. The former was immunolabeled with anti-GH, -PRL, -LH, -FSH, -ACTH, and -TSH sera. Volume density and cell density were measured using an image analyzer. Quantitative immunohistochemistry revealed a decrease in these parameters with regard to somatotrophs, lactotrophs, gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs from undernourished animals compared to control ones. In these populations, the ultrastructural study showed changes suggesting compensatory hyperfunction. On the contrary, no significant changes were found in the morphometric parameters or the ultrastructure of the corticotroph population. We conclude that in undernourished monkeys the somatotroph, lactotroph, gonadotroph, and thyrotroph cell populations showed quantitative immunohistochemical changes that can be correlated with ultrastructural findings