Impact of MGNREGA on Input-use Pattern, Labour Productivity and Returns of Selected Crops in Gulbarga District, Karnataka

The study has tried to capture the effect of MGNREGA by selecting two sets of villages in the Gulbarga district of Karnataka, one which have utilized 75 per cent of allocated funds and the other which have utilized less the 25 per cent of allocated funds under MGNREGA. The study is based on primary data obtained from 120 sample farmers belonging to five village panchayats. In redgram, a significant difference has been observed in use of machine power and labour use between fully and partially-implemented MGNREGA villages, but no difference has been recorded in the use of material inputs. Similarly, in the rabi jowar, there is a significant difference in labour use but not in the use of machine power and material inputs between two categories of villages. The total cost of cultivation in fully-implemented MGNREGA villages has been found higher by 22.91 per cent and 16.37 per cent in red gram and rabi jowar, respectively. The labour productivity of male and female has been noticed lower in fully-implemented MGNREGA villages for all operations in both the crops. The study has given some suggestions to address the problem of labour scarcity in fully-implemented villages.Impact of MGNREGA, Labour productivity, Crop returns, Agricultural and Food Policy, J43, J24, Input-use pattern,

Study on investment pattern and organizational structure of Super markets in India-An empirical evidence of Karnataka

Retail business has shown tremendous growth in the World in the recent past. In India, the organized food retailing sector is on the verge of a boom and expected to undergo further change with prospective new domestic and global foreign entrants and the takeover or exit of some existing participants. Among the Indian states, Karnataka is far more forward looking as far as food retailing is concerned. Therefore, it is imperative to study the entire business aspects of organized food retailing. The study indicated that majority of the organized supermarkets has multi outlets operating under the single management. The un-organized supermarkets were formed by the big local and conventional store owners. The average area of the supermarket outlets in Bangalore (4333 Sqft) and Mysore (3133 Sqft) is more compared to other cities of Karnataka like Mangalore (2833 Sqft), Hubli-Dharwad (1833 Sqft) and Belgaum (1200 Sqft) as the supermarkets in these cities were recently converted from the conventional ‘kirana’ format. The average total fixed cost per outlet is Rs. 78.42 lakh for the state as a whole and total costs required to establish a supermarket in the Karnataka is Rs. 261.33 lakh. The investments in establishment, modernization and expansion are capital intensive in supermarkets. In all the supermarkets, the liquid assets to total assets ratio indicated organized supermarkets seems to better than other unorganized supermarkets in terms of assets liquid ratio. Further, organized supermarkets/supermarkets in multi outlet (chain of supermarkets) firms/companies followed line, line and staff, and the functional categories of organizational structures. Whereas line organization was commonly followed in un-organized supermarkets and are family owned. Key words: Retail, Super market, Multi-outlet, Organization, Investment, Profi

Impact of MGNREGA on Input-use Pattern, Labour Productivity and Returns of Selected Crops in Gulbarga District, Karnataka

The study has tried to capture the effect of MGNREGA by selecting two sets of villages in the Gulbarga district of Karnataka, one which have utilized 75 per cent of allocated funds and the other which have utilized less the 25 per cent of allocated funds under MGNREGA. The study is based on primary data obtained from 120 sample farmers belonging to five village panchayats. In redgram, a significant difference has been observed in use of machine power and labour use between fully and partially-implemented MGNREGA villages, but no difference has been recorded in the use of material inputs. Similarly, in the rabi jowar, there is a significant difference in labour use but not in the use of machine power and material inputs between two categories of villages. The total cost of cultivation in fully-implemented MGNREGA villages has been found higher by 22.91 per cent and 16.37 per cent in red gram and rabi jowar, respectively. The labour productivity of male and female has been noticed lower in fully-implemented MGNREGA villages for all operations in both the crops. The study has given some suggestions to address the problem of labour scarcity in fully-implemented villages