Effect of Oral Iron Tablet Administration on Serum Feritin and Hemoglobin Concentration of Pre-pregnant Women with Mild Iron Deficiency Anemia in Bali

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is still to be a problem of pregnant women healthrelated to its high prevalence and its negative effects on health. Prevention efforts by ironsuplementation in pregnant woman have not reducing IDA problem in pregnant women yet. This failure is probably due to the assumption that IDA have been seen pre-pregnant. Totest this hypothesis, a quasi experimental study was conducted by randomized pre and posttest control group design. Sample were collected by multistage sampling random technicconsist of 47 women in treated group and 52 in control group. Both group were serumferritin and hemoglobin value test untill 3 time, pre-pregnant, early pregnant and duringpregnant. Iron tablet was administrated to treated group from the beginning of pre-pregnantperiod, continued until the first 3 months of pregnancy, while in control group iron tabletwas only given during the first 3 months of pregnancy. T-group result shown that meanserum ferritin and hemoglobin concentration at pregnant women on treated group(33,45±14,12 ?g/dL dan 12,25±1,20 g/dl) more high than control group (19,65±8,99 ?g/dLdan 10,91±0,67 g/dl), p<0,05. Mean difference serum ferritin and hemoglobinconcentration at pregnant women is 13,8 ?g/dL dan 1,34 g/dl (p<0,05). Benefid analysisresult shown that iron suplementation since pre-pregnant more benefid than ironsuplementation during pregnant (BCR >1). Based on these results, it can be concluded thatiron supplementation to IDA women starting from pre-pregnant period results in a bettereffect compare to oral iron supplementation during pregnancy only

Role of Exclusive Breastfeeding and S-iga Antibodies Antirotavirus Breast Milk Towards Risk of Acute Rotavirus Diarrhea in Infants Age of 1-6 Months: Do They Corelate to Breastfeeding "Daily Dose" and Antibody Titers?

Exclusive breastfeeding reduces the incidence of diarrhea, especially in children who live in densely populated neighborhood. This study aims to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and breast milk contains antirotavirus s-IgA antibodies towards risk of acute rotavirus diarrhea in infants aged of 1-6 months. Case-control study design is applied to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and breast milk contains s-IgA antibodies antirotavirus with risk of acute rotavirus diarrhea. Cases in this study were patients with acute rotavirus diarrhea and controls were patients without acute rotavirus diarrhea. Cases and controls were matched based on age. There were 23 cases and 69 controls. The proportion who received exclusive breastfeeding was 34.8% in cases and 34.4% in controls, with OR of 1.21 (95% CI: 0.45 to 3.28) and p = 0.28. Breast milk contains sIgA antibodies antirotavirus for case was 17.39% and controls was 23.2%, OR was 1.12 (95% CI: 0.29 to 4.29), p = 0.203. In conclusion, exclusive breastfeeding and breast milk contains sIgA antibodies antirotavirus were not associated with risk of acute rotavirus diarrhea in infants 1-6 months. This may be caused by differences in population and demographic studies as well as low of milk sIgA antibody antirotavirus titters. Further research of breastfeeding regardless of antirotavirus containing high antibody titters sIgA is needed

The Final State of Black Strings and p-Branes, and the Gregory-Laflamme Instability

It is shown that the usual entropy argument for the Gregory-Laflamme (GL) instability for $some$ appropriate black strings and $p$-branes gives surprising agreement up to a few percent. This may provide a strong support to the GL's horizon fragmentation, which would produce the array of higher-dimensional Schwarzschild-type's black holes finally. On the other hand, another estimator for the size of the black hole end-state relative to the compact dimension indicates a second order (i.e., smooth) phase transition for some $other$ appropriate compactifications and total dimension of spacetime wherein the entropy argument is not appropriate. In this case, Horowitz-Maeda-type's non-uniform black strings or $p$-branes can be the final state of the GL instability.Comment: More emphasis on a second order phase transition. The computation result is unchange

New Gauge Invariant Formulation of the Chern-Simons Gauge Theory: Classical and Quantal Analysis

Recently proposed new gauge invariant formulation of the Chern-Simons gauge theory is considered in detail. This formulation is consistent with the gauge fixed formulation. Furthermore it is found that the canonical (Noether) Poincar\'e generators are not gauge invariant even on the constraints surface and do not satisfy the Poincar\'e algebra contrast to usual case. It is the improved generators, constructed from the symmetric energy-momentum tensor, which are (manifestly) gauge invariant and obey the quantum as well as classical Poincar\'e algebra. The physical states are constructed and it is found in the Schr\"odinger picture that unusual gauge invariant longitudinal mode of the gauge field is crucial for constructing the physical wavefunctional which is genuine to (pure) Chern-Simons theory. In matching to the gauge fixed formulation, we consider three typical gauges, Coulomb, axial and Weyl gauges as explicit examples. Furthermore, recent several confusions about the effect of Dirac's dressing function and the gauge fixings are clarified. The analysis according to old gauge independent formulation a' la Dirac is summarized in an appendix.Comment: No figures, 44 page

Comments on "Entropy of 2D Black Holes from Counting Microstates"

In a recent letter, Cadoni and Mignemi proposed a formulation for the statistical computation of the 2D black holes entropy. We present a criticism about their formulation.Comment: 5 pages, Latex, no figure

Observation of Competing Order in a High-TcT_{c} Superconductor with Femtosecond Optical Pulses

We present studies of the photoexcited quasiparticle dynamics in Tl$_{2}$Ba$_{2}$Ca$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{y}$ (Tl-2223) using femtosecond optical techniques. Deep into the superconducting state (below 40 K), a dramatic change occurs in the temporal dynamics associated with photoexcited quasiparticles rejoining the condensate. This is suggestive of entry into a coexistence phase which, as our analysis reveals, opens a gap in the density of states (in addition to the superconducting gap), and furthermore, competes with superconductivity resulting in a depression of the superconducting gap.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

The quantization of the chiral Schwinger model based on the BFT-BFV formalism II

We apply an improved version of Batalin-Fradkin-Tyutin (BFT) Hamiltonian method to the a=1 chiral Schwinger Model, which is much more nontrivial than the a>1.$one. Furthermore, through the path integral quantization, we newly resolve the problem of the non-trivial$\delta$function as well as that of the unwanted Fourier parameter$\xi$ in the measure. As a result, we explicitly obtain the fully gauge invariant partition function, which includes a new type of Wess-Zumino (WZ) term irrelevant to the gauge symmetry as well as usual WZ action.Comment: 17 pages, To be published in J. Phys.