7 research outputs found
Structural contribution of the cytoskeleton to the dynamic response of adherent cells assessed by a viscoelastic tensegrity model
Non renseign
Frequency response of a viscoelastic tensegrity model : structural rearrangement contribution to cell dynamics
In an attempt to understand the role of structural rearrangement onto the cell response during imposed cyclic stresses, we simulated numerically the frequency-dependent behaviour of a viscoelastic tensegrity structure (VTS model) made of 24 elastic cables and 6 rigid bars. The VTS computational model was based on the Non-Smooth Contact Dynamics (NSCD) method in which the constitutive elements of the tensegrity structure are considered as a set of material points that mutually interact. Low amplitude oscillatory loading conditions were applied and the frequency response of the overall structure was studied in terms of frequency-dependence of mechanical properties. The latter were normalised by the homogeneous properties of constitutive elements in order to capture the essential feature of spatial rearrangement. The results reveal a specific frequency-dependent contribution of elastic and viscous effects which is responsible for significant changes in the VTS model dynamical properties. The mechanism behind is related to the variable contribution of spatial rearrangement of VTS elements which is decreased from low to high frequency as dominant effects are transferred from mainly elastic to mainly viscous. More precisely, the elasticity modulus increases with frequency while the viscosity modulus decreases, each evolution corresponding to a specific power-law dependency. The satisfactorily agreement found between present numerical results and the literature data issued from in vitro cell experiments suggests that the frequency-dependent mechanism of spatial rearrangement presently described could play a significant and predictable role during oscillatory cell dynamics
Spongy bone multicellular unit remodelling model: a parametric study
International audienc
Trabecular bone remodelling under pathological conditions based on biochemical and mechanical processes involved in BMU activity
International audienc
Étude de la formation de débris d'usure dans la prothèse totale de hanche par un modèle numérique particulaire
La présence de débris d'usure de polyéthylène à haut poids moléculaire (UHMWPE) est une des causes principales du descellement des prothèses totales de hanche. Les travaux expérimentaux de Cooper ont montré de multiples détériorations microscopiques de la surface de la cupule dues à de l'usure par abrasion et adhésion. Les mécanismes de l'usure abrasive sont liés à différents paramètres tels que la charge normale et la vitesse de glissement appliquées mais également de l'angle d'attaque des particules d'usure ou des aspérités microscopiques. Le but de la présente étude est d'analyser l'effet de la géométrie d'une aspérité sur les mécanismes d'abrasion de la surface de la cupule en UHMWPE ainsi que la formation de particules d'usure. Il s'agit de simuler une aspérité rigide glissant sur la surface de la cupule en polyéthylène en utilisant la méthode numérique particulaire appelée « Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics » (SPH)