Design for Low-Cost Country Sourcing: Motivation, Basic Principles and Design Guidelines

Organised by: Cranfield UniversityNot every product can be successfully sourced in low-cost countries. Disadvantageous cost structures or extremely complex workpiece designs are the most frequent reasons for failures. A design that has been tailored to low-cost country sourcing offers the possibility of increasing potentials while reducing risks and costs at the same time. The wbk Institute of Production Science at the Universität Karlsruhe (TH) developed a new approach which ensures that the product design meets the requirements of the supplier. This paper identifies the factors influencing the design, deduces basic principles and illustrates guidelines for an adapted product design.Mori Seiki – The Machine Tool Compan

SN 1996cr: Confirmation of a Luminous Type IIn Supernova in the Circinus Galaxy

We have recently confirmed SN 1996cr as a late-time type IIn supernova (SN) via VLT spectroscopy and isolated its explosion date to ~1 yr using archival optical imaging. We briefly touch upon here the wealth of optical, X-ray, and radio archival observations available for this enigmatic source. Due to its relative proximity (3.8 +/-0.6 Mpc), SN 1996cr ranks among the brightest X-ray and radio SNe ever detected and, as such, may offer powerful insights into the structure and composition of type IIn SNe. We also find that SN 1996cr is matched to GRB 4B 960202 at a 2-3 sigma confidence level, making it perhaps the third GRB to be significantly associated with a type II SN. We speculate on whether SN 1996cr could be an off-axis or ``failed'' GRB.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure, poster proceeding for "Supernova 1987A: 20 Years After: Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursters" AIP, New York, eds. S. Immler, K.W. Weiler, and R. McCra

Physical activity education in the undergraduate curricula of all UK medical schools: are tomorrow's doctors equipped to follow clinical guidelines?

Physical activity (PA) is a cornerstone of disease prevention and treatment. There is, however, a considerable disparity between public health policy, clinical guidelines and the delivery of physical activity promotion within the National Health Service in the UK. If this is to be addressed in the battle against non-communicable diseases, it is vital that tomorrow's doctors understand the basic science and health benefits of physical activity. The aim of this study was to assess the provision of physical activity teaching content in the curricula of all medical schools in the UK. Our results, with responses from all UK medical schools, uncovered some alarming findings, showing that there is widespread omission of basic teaching elements, such as the Chief Medical Officer recommendations and guidance on physical activity. There is an urgent need for physical activity teaching to have dedicated time at medical schools, to equip tomorrow's doctors with the basic knowledge, confidence and skills to promote physical activity and follow numerous clinical guidelines that support physical activity promotion

Magneto-optical imaging of voltage-controlled magnetization reorientation

We study the validity and limitations of a macrospin model to describe the voltage-controlled manipulation of ferromagnetic magnetization in nickel thin film/piezoelectric actuator hybrid structures. To this end, we correlate simultaneously measured spatially resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect imaging and integral magnetotransport measurements at room temperature. Our results show that a macrospin approach is adequate to model the magnetoresistance as a function of the voltage applied to the hybrid, except for a narrow region around the coercive field - where the magnetization reorientation evolves via domain effects. Thus, on length scales much larger than the typical magnetic domain size, the voltage control of magnetization is well reproduced by a simple Stoner-Wohlfarth type macrospin model

TriMinimal Parametrization of the Neutrino Mixing Matrix

Current experimental data on neutrino mixing are very well described by TriBiMaximal mixing. Accordingly, any phenomenological parametrization of the MNSP matrix must build upon TriBiMaximal mixing. We propose one particularly natural parametrization, which we call "TriMinimal". The three small deviations of the PDG angles from their TriBiMaximal values, and the PDG phase, parametrize the TriMinimal mixing matrix. As an important example of the utility of this new parametrization, we present the simple resulting expressions for the flavor-mixing probabilities of atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos. As no foreseeable experiment will be sensitive to more than second order in the small parameters, we expand these flavor probabilities to second order.Comment: Typos corrected, references added, title changed; matches version appearing in PRL 100, 111801 (2008)