1 research outputs found
ΠΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·Ρ
Differentiation of the force applied to the cobs of seed corn in the process of threshing allows minimizing the amount of macro- and micro-damage to the grain, which maintains the potential yield level of this crop. (Research purpose) To develop an automatic control system for active pneumatic elements of the deck of the threshing-and-separating unit capable of varying the pressing force of the spikes applied to the cobs of seed corn in different parts of the threshing chamber to minimize the crop damage. (Materials and methods) The authors have used the methods of system analysis, designing the operating algorithms of automated mechanical systems, electronics and general electrical engineering. (Results and discussions) The authors offer an advanced design of the threshing-and-separating unit for seed corn. The design features an active pneumatic deck with an automatic control system varying the pressing force of separate deck spikes to the cob grain directly in the course of threshing. For air inflating and lowering, two valves are installed in each of the 16 airbags, 32 control relays being used. The operation process is automatized through the Atmega 2560 controller regulating the amount of pressure in the airbags forcing the spikes against the grain in the process of threshing. The authors propose a schematic diagram describing the operation algorithm of the controller with pressure control units in deck airbags. By programming the controller, an operator can change the amount of pressure in the airbags, thus adjusting the force of direct and precise pressing the deck spikes to the corn cobs, for any airbag and in any part of the deck. (Conclusions) It has been determined that the destructive pressing force of 55 Newtons can be achieved in certain combinations of the membrane thickness, the pressure in the airbags and the pressing depth of the spikes. The proposed design of the threshing device with a system of automated pressure control in the deck airbags allows varying the force of threshing, which minimizes the amount of macro- and micro-damage to the seed corn grain and thus maintains the potential yield level of this crop.ΠΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎ- ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ. (Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ) Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°. (ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ) ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. (Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅) ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·Ρ. Π£ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Π΄ΡΡΠ³ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π° ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Ρ, Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅, Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΏΠ°Π½Π° Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· 16 ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ 32 ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅. ΠΠ»Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠ° Atmega 2560 Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΊ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠ° Ρ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·Ρ Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΈ. (ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ) ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΄Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 55 Π½ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ, Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²Π΄Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ», ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎ- ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·Ρ