Oxidative dehydrogenation of 2,3,5-trimethyl-1,4-hydroquinone in the presence of titanium dioxide hydrogel

Liquid-phase oxidative dehydrogenation of 2,3,5-trimethyl-1,4-hydroquinone in the presence of titanium dioxide hydrogel was studied by a kinetic method. Associative interactions between the substrate, oxidant, and gel were detected by voltammetry and ESR and IR spectroscopy.Russian Foundation for Basic Researc

SURGERY IMPACT ON LIFE QUALITY DATA IN CHILDREN WITH DETACHED RETINA

Background. Assessment of life quality while carrying out a vitrectomy in children with detached retina. Material and Methods. Twenty three patients (23 eyes) aged from 10 up to 17 years from with detached retina were examined. Surgery included carrying out a standard three-port vitrectomy and laser endocoagulation of retina vessels. All patients have been divided by method of casual selection into 3 groups. In the I group (n = 8) during the surgery the balanced salt solutions (Balansed Salt Solution – BSS) without antioxidants were used and additional purpose of the antioxidant medicines per os was not carried out; in the II group (n = 8) at performing surgery BSS with antioxidants (glutathione) – BSS plus were used; in the III group (n = 7) in the postoperative period in addition per os antioxidant medicines were administered for 3 months. In all patients the research of life quality on the basis of the reduced Russified version of the questionnaire VFQ-25 was conducted. The control group consisted of 10 children of the corresponding age and sex, the welfare and national identity, without contraindications to surgery in the area of a vitrealny cavity. Statistical processing of the received findings has been executed by means of a package of application programs of the statistical analysis AnalystSoft, BioStat 2007. Results. In a week after surgery increase in visual acuity was not observed. Six months later reliable increase in visual acuity was noted. The highest final rates of a vasometry were observed in the II group, patients of the I group had minimum values. The minimal progressing of a cataract was observed in patients of the II group.Conclusion. Surgery for detached retina positively influenced rates of life quality in children in the early and long-term postoperative period

OCULAR SURFACE’S DISORDERS IN GLAUCOMA PATIENTS TREATED WITH LONG INSTILLATION OF BETA BLOCKERS WITH PRESERVATIVES

The study included 30 patients with glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) with intraocular pressure stabilized by the instillation of b-blockers with a preservative and complaints of discomfort in the eye (1 group), 20 patients with newly diagnosed GON (2-group). Performed: a standard research; a modified morphological examination with the calculation of the mucin production factors (MPF) and tissue entropy (CHP), a multi-cytokin study of the tear liquid. 1st group patients showed signs of the syndrome of «dry eye» (SDE), including a combined lipid-, water-, mucin-deficit; epitheliopathy of conjunctiva (76,7%), conjunctiva and cornea(23,3%), marked reduction of the MPF at a moderate decrease in the number of goblet cells, and the CHP increase,  a higher level of pro-inflammatory  Th1 as well as of Th2 cytokins. The obtained data is necessary for the development of sound therapy options of the SDE of this type

CORRECTION OF OCULAR SURFACE CHANGES IN POST-LASIK PATIENTS

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy of a fixed combination of sodium hyaluronate, D-panthenol, chondroitin sulfate sodium (SH+D+CS) and a tear substitute based on sodium hyaluronate (SH) in the correction of post-LASIK ocular surface changes. Material and methods. The study involved 60 patients with moderate myopia (before and after LASIK). In the group 1 (30 patients, 30 eyes) the SH+D+CS combination was instilled postoperatively 3-5 times daily, in the group 2 (30 patients, 30 eyes) SH – 3-5 times daily. Ophthalmological examinations, a detection and an evaluation of dry eye (DE) symptoms, tear film break up time (TFBT), optical coherence meniscometry, evaluation of xerosis index (XI) (lyssamine green staining) were performed in all the patients.  Results. Significant ocular surface changes were identified in both groups in the postoperative period: DE symptoms, decrease of TFBT, decrease of lower tear meniscus height (LTMH), increase of XI. The DES therapy was effective in both groups. At the same time, significantly more pronounced increase of TFBT and LTMH (10 and 40 days after LASIK, p< 0.05) as well as a significantly more pronounced decrease of XI (40 days after LASIK, p< 0.05) were noted in the group 1. Conclusion. Thus, the application of the fixed combination of SH+D+CS allows to achieve significantly more pronounced improvement of ocular surface conditions in the post-LASIK status than the application of a tear substitute based on SH

Non-infectious chronic blepharitis pharmacotherapy

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of complex treatment included the eyelid hygiene in non-infectious chronic blepharitis patients.Methods: 50 non-infectious chronic blepharitis, meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye patients (18‑46 years) were examined before and after the treatment (eyelid hygiene using Blepharoshampoo, Blepharolotion or Blepharosalfetka, Blepharogel-1; anti-inflammatory therapy; artificial tears). Traditional ophthalmological examination, consideration of subjective discomfort level, evaluation of meibomian gland function (compression test) and severity of eyelid epitheliopaty (lyssamine green staining), lipid-interferential test, Schirmer’s test, tear film break up time, optical coherent meniscometry, computer evaluation of xerosis indicator (lyssamine green staining) and ocular surface microbiological examination were performed in all the patients.Results: Positive therapeutic effect was noted in all of the observed. It included the following significant changes: reducing the level of subjective discomfort; decreasing of sins of eyelid inflammation; increasing of meibomian gland function; improvement of tear film and ocular surface tissues.Conclusion: Complex treatment, including eyelid hygiene (using Blepharoshampoo, Blepharolotion or Blepharosalfetka, Blepharogel-1), antiinflammatory therapy and artificial tears, allows achieving significant reduction of subjective symptoms and both functional and objective signs of the disease in non-infectious chronic blepharitis patients

Chemical Composition and Sensory Profile of Sauerkraut from Different Cabbage Hybrids

Fermented foods have a longer shelf life and higher nutritional value. Sauerkraut products depend on the quality of the raw material. Not every cabbage variety is suitable for processing. The present research objective was to test several cabbage hybrids for natural fermentation, microbiological parameters, and native sugar content after four months of storage. The study featured twelve new-generation white cabbage hybrids of Russian selection and sauerkraut foods. The experimental batches were stored for four months at –1–0°C. Fermentation occurred at 21°C and final pH ≤ 3.6. The sugar content and titratable acidity were measured by standard methods. The method of limiting dilutions was applied to determine the microbial count. The microbiological seeding process followed standard procedures. The highest content of total sugars before fermentation belonged to the late-ripening hybrids Prestizh F1 (5.92%), Gertsoginya F1 (5.82%), and Idillia F1 (5.28%), as well as to the late-ripening Atlant F1 (5.49%). The greatest sugar content was registered in Prestizh F1 (4.78%), Kontinent F1 (4.30%), and Gertsoginya F1 (4.07%). The mass fraction of titratable acids in terms of lactic acid averaged 1.04% for all the samples. The difference in the chemical composition depended on the hybrid and microbial count during fermentation. The lactic acid bacteria content was as high as 8.17×107 CFU/cm3 in Severyanka F1. All the samples were resistant to undesirable microflora, i.e., yeasts and molds. All the cabbage hybrids were suitable for fermentation even after four months of storage. Their own lactic microflora was sufficient for fermentation and traditional sensory properties

Clinical Experience of Using 0.2 % Olopatadin in the Allergic Conjunctivitis Treatment

Purpose: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of complex therapy of allergic conjunctivitis, including 0.2 % olopatodin. Patients and methods: In 40 allergic conjunctivitis (AK) patients were performed: assessment of the intensity of itching and tearing, as well as conjunctival hyperemia and folliculosis (points); Schirmer’s test (SHT; mm); tear film break up time (TFBUT, s); assessment of the lid wiper epitheliopathy symptom (LWES, points); calculation of the xerosis indicator (XI; points, according to Bijsterveld). In the 1 group (20 pollen AK patients) were given: 0.2 % olopatadine instillations (1 time per day); preservative free polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol fixed combination (2–3 times a day, from 7 days of therapy). Control points: 7 and 30 days of therapy. Patients of 2 group with pollen AK and chronic blepharitis (saprophytic flora and Demodex) were performed: 0.2 % olopatadine instillations (1 time per day); eyelid hygiene (poloxamer 188 and PEG-90 gel; 2 times per day); ointment containing gentamicin and dexamethasone (application on the eyelids margins, 2 times a day, 14 days); acaricidal gel (based on preparations of sulfur, sodium hyaluronate and aloe extract; 2 times a day, from 15 days of therapy); preservative free polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol fixed combination (2–3 times a day, from 15 days of therapy). Control points: 14 and 30 days of treatment. Statistical analysis included: calculation of an average and its standard deviation (М ± s); evaluation of reliability of differences in control points (Wilcoxon’s T-criterion; χ2 criterion). Statistically significant was p < 0,05. Results: Patients of both groups had good tolerability of the treatment; no significant systemic and local side effects of treatment were noted. In 1 group patients by the 7th and 30th day of therapy, a significant decrease in the severity of itching, tearing and conjunctival hyperemia was observed. By the 30th day of observation, the complete absence of itching was noted in 85 % of individuals, the absence of hyperemia — in 80 %. The rest of the observed severity of these signs did not exceed the level of one point, and their manifestations were non-permanent. Conjunctival follicular response significantly decreased by 30 days of observation. SHT showed a significant decrease in all control points, remaining within normal limits. Dynamics of TFBUT and XI by 7 days of therapy was unreliable. By the 30th day of treatment, there was a significant positive dynamics of TFBUT and XI, compared with the state before the therapy and 7 days of observation. At the same time, TFBUT and XI have reached values close to normal. In 2 group patients by the 14th and 30th day of therapy, a significant decrease in the severity of itching, tearing, hyperemia and follicular conjunctival reaction was recorded (by 1–2 points). The value of SHT showed a significant decrease in all control points (within the normal values of the indicator). By the 14th day of therapy, a significant decrease of LWES was noted; the NT and XI the dynamics were statistically insignificant. By the 30th day of observation, significant positive dynamics of NT, XI, and LWES were noted, compared with the state before the start of treatment and 14 days of therapy. Despite the almost complete relief of symptoms and signs of allergy and ocular surface condition improvement, by 30 days of observation, the magnitudes of NT, XI and LWES still did not reach the normal state, which determined the need for further artificial tear therapy, eyelid hygiene and acaricide treatment. Conclusion: Combined therapy, including 0.2 % olopatadin instillation, demonstrated high efficacy in relieving symptoms (itching, tearing) and signs (hyperemia and follicular conjunctival reaction) of allergic conjunctivitis, as well as a good safety profile

Effectiveness and Safety of Cataract Surgery Pharmacological Support in Glaucoma Patients

Purpose: To evaluate effectiveness and safety of cataract surgery pharmacological support (which include 0.5 % levofloxacin, 0.09 % bromfenac and preservative free polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol fixed combination instillations) in glaucoma patients. Patients and Methods: Standard ophthalmological examination, subjective discomfort level evaluation, tear film break up time, tear meniscus height measurement, index of xerosis, evaluation and ocular surface condition photoregistration were performed in 40 II «A» primary open-angle glaucoma patients, receiving hypotensive therapy, before and after phacoemulsification (Ph). All patients in the postoperative period received instillations: 0.5 % levofloxacin (4 times a day, 7 days), 0.1 % dexamethasone (3 times a day, 7 days), 0.09 % bromfenac (once a day, 30 days) and preservative free polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol fixed combination (3 times a day, 30 days). Control points were: examination before Ph, on 1, 7 and 30 days after Ph. Results: None cases of infectious or inflammatory surgery complications were recorded. The SD level was significantly increased on the 1 and 7 days after Ph, by the 30 day the SD level was significantly decreased, compared with a state on the 1 and 7 days. On the 1, 7, 30 days after Ph TFBUT significantly decreased. By the 30 day after Ph the TFBUT was significantly increased in compare with 1 and 7 days after operation. TMH changes after Ph had multidirectional character and in general were not significant throughout the observation, with a tendency to increase on the 1 and 30 days after surgery and to decrease on the 7th day. IX dynamics in compare with a state before Ph was not significant in all control points with a tendency to its increase on the 1 and 7 days after operation and to decrease on the 30th day. In general, pharmacological support of Ph was assessed by all patients as comfortable, there was no intolerance. Conclusion: The cataract surgery pharmacological support in glaucoma patients (including 0.5 % levofloxacin, 0.09 % bromfenac and preservative free polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol fixed combination instillations) showed: high efficiency (in prevention of infectious and inflammatory complications); safety by influence on the ocular surface; comfort of use

Application of pulse noninvasive ultraviolet irradiation in therapy of ocular surface changes

The study included 45 patients (90 eyes) with ocular surface changes type of dry eye syndrome, etiological prerequisite for the observed was a combination of chronic blepharitis infectious etiology phenomena dysfunction meybomian glands and chronic eye ischemic syndrome. Patients of the main group in addition to tear replacement therapy was performed non-invasive ultraviolet irradiation device «Ecosvet-1», therapeutic effect which is due to its anti-inflammatory and scalp-stimulating effect, as well as the ability to improve the state of the microcirculation of tear production organ. The device enables to achieve a more pronounced eliminating subjective symptoms, functional and objective evidence of the disease than isolated tear replacement therapy, and reduce the instillation of the preparation of artificial tears during the day

CHANGE IN THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF CHILDREN AFTER SURGICAL TREATMENT OF RETINAL DETACHMENT

Aim. The study was designed for the evaluation of the quality of life of children with retinal detachment during vitrectomy.Materials and methods. 23 children with retinal detachment aged from 10 to 17 years were treated. Surgical treatment consisted of a three-port vitrectomy and a laser endocoagulation of the retina. 3 groups were formed with the help of a random sampling. During the surgical treatment of group I (n=8), only balanced non-oxidant solutions of salts (Balsed Salt Solution − BSS) were used. Tablets of antioxidant preparations were not assigned. Saline solutions with antioxidants (BSS plus) were used to carry out surgery for group II (n=8). Group III (n=7) was additionally taking antioxidant preparations peros for 3 months in the postoperative period . The quality of life was studied using the abridged Russian version of the VFQ-25 questionnaire. 10 children of the same age with no indications of surgical treatment of retinal detachment were selected for the control group. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using a set of programs for applied statistical analysis Analyst Soft, Bio Stat 2007. Results. A week after the surgical treatment, no increase in visometric data was observed. Six months later, a significant increase in visual acuity was revealed. The highest visometric data were observed in group II due to the minimal progression of lens opacities. Group I patients had the lowest values of this index.Conclusion. The positive effect of the surgical treatment of retinal detachment positively influenced the patients’ quality of life in the early and late postoperative period