Spectral method in axial channeling theory

The energy quantization of transverse particle motion in continuous potentials of atomic chains and planes can occur when fast charged particles travel in crystals. In the proposed paper, the energy levels of electrons moving in the mode of axial channeling in a system of parallel atomic chains have been found. The energy eigenvalues were determined numerically using the so-called spectral method, which shows itself to good advantage in the problem of the plane channeling of charged particles in crystal

Modified Lignin as an Environmentally Friendly Surfactant

The effect of softwood sulphate lignin modified by its oxidation in alkaline medium on its behaviour at the air-water and oil-water interface, where rapeseed oil and technical fish fat oil served as the oil phase, was investigated. It has been found that, irrespective of the рН values of the water solution, the ability of the modified lignin to be adsorbed at the interfaces exceeds that of unmodified lignin, which is obviously caused by the pronounced differentiation of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the molecular structure in the oxidised lignin and the decrease in the content of the high-molecular fraction (Mw is greater than 1000) in it. At low concentrations (≤ 0.01 g/dl), the stabilising action of the modified lignin in the rapeseed oil-water emulsion is the same as that of sodium dodecyl sulphate. The enhanced surface activity of the oxidised sulphate lignin enables it not only to substitute the 30% of the mass of the commercial surfactant in the detergent composition for washing stainless steel plates, used during fish smoking, but also to upgrade its properties

Super-Eddington accretion in the Q2237+0305 quasar?

The interband time lags between the flux variations of the Q2237+0305 quasar have been determined from light curves in the Johnson-Cousins V, R, and I spectral bands. The values of the time lags for filter pairs R-V, I-R, and I-V are significantly higher than those predicted by the standard accretion disk model by Shakura and Sunyaev. To explain the discrepancy, the idea of a supercritical accretion regime in quasars considered in 1973 by Shakura and Sunyaev is applied. This regime has been shown by them to cause an extended scattering envelope around the accretion disk. The envelope efficiently scatters and re-emits the radiation from the accretion disk and thus increases the apparent disk size. We made use of analytical expressions for the envelope radius and temperature derived by Shakura and Sunyaev in their analysis of super-Eddington accretion and show that our results are consistent with the existence of such an envelope. The corresponding parameters of the accretion regime were calculated. They provide the radii of the envelope in the V, R, and I spectral bands consistent with the inter-band time lags determined in our work.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure