THE EFFICIENCY OF TOLERANT (PASSIVE) ADAPTATION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL POLYTRAUMA

The model of multiple skeletal injuries was reproduced in two groups. 22 animals of the 1st group had stabilization of the right forearm bones and left shin with spoke external fixation device of 2 subsystems with followed osteotomy of the bones of respective segment in the middle third under general anesthesia. During the experiment the injection of dexamethasone and adrenaline during the first twenty-four hours after multiple skeletal injuries prevented the reduce the intensity of the metabolic processes, that was proved by close to initial values of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. But to the third day there was no any difference in the metabolic activity in rabbits having and not having adrenaline and dexamethasone. The animals had adrenaline and dexamethasone turned to be in more severe clinical situation. As a result of «normal» intensity of metabolic processes in rabbits during the near time period after trauma there was decrease of survival from 45,5 % to 7,7 %

NEW WAY TO DETERMINE THE TYPE OF ADAPTATION STRATEGY IN EXPERIMENT

Aim: to base and to test new more precise way of determination of the type of adaptation strategy and. intensity of corresponding metabolic shifts in experiment. Methods: the model of orthopedic trauma of two extremities with stabilization of fragments with external fixation devices was rendered in experimental group of 22 chinchilla rabbits. We defined oxygen consumption, carbonic acid excretion and rectal temperature initially and also on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after the operation. Results. Addition of data of research of oxygen consumption (key criterion of the type of adaptation strategy) with the results of determination of carbonic acid excretion and rectal temperature, correct choice of initial condition of laboratory animal that will be compared and also quantitative characteristics of intensity of metabolic shifts allowed to increase exactness of diagnostics of type of adaptation strategy of laboratory animals in unfavorable conditions

Energy metabolism at experimental polytrauma: changes at the prescription of adrenaline and dexamethasone

The aim of the research was to study influence of dexamethasone and adrenaline on the concentration of energy metabolism substrates in blood of Chinchilla rabbits under the conditions of multiple skeletal trauma. We performed stabilization of the bones of right forearm and left shin in 35 animals by wire external fixation device with further osteotomy of bones of corresponding segments. We observed the decrease of activity of metabolism in rabbits on the background of standard treatment. Maintenance of normal activity of metabolism by prescription of adrenaline and dexamethasone caused more intensive use of energy resources of an organism. Imitation of hyperergic reaction of stress-realizing systems in rabbits caused the increase of concentration of glucose in blood and the decrease of concentration of triglycerides. High consumption of energy substrates was provided by more expressed catabolic reaction. The result of hypercatabolism was development of hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia and increase of the risk of fluid shift from bloodstream into the tissues with formation of organ insufficiency

Hormonal type in the conditions of experimental multiple skeletal trauma

In experiment reproduced model of multiple skeletal trauma (fracture of bones of right forearm and lift shin) with stabilization of fragments with external fixation devices in 35 Chinchilla rabbits. All manipulations were realized, at general anesthesia. Standard treatment included anesthesia, antibiotic prophyliaxis and. infusion therapy by common method. Decrease of metabolism activity was registered in the first group of laboratory animals at the standard treatment. That's why besided strandard treatment dexamethasone and adrenaline in average recommended doses was prescripted in the second group of rabbits in postoperative period for correction of posttraumatic hypobiosis. Laboratory control in several hours after the injection confirmed stable increase of level of corticosteroids in blood but it wasn't possible to register increase of concentration of adrenaline. Correlation analysis was realize to study the connection between the contentration of endogenous hormones in blood and. metabolism activity in rabbits in conditions of multiple skeletal trauma. At the consideration data as one array we determined high-significant (р < 0,001) direct moderate correlation between the values of rectal temperature and. the concentration of free thyroxine in blood (rs = 0,414), this connection was strong on the 3rd day after trauma (rs = 0,833; р < 0,001). Also indirect moderate correlation between values of rectal temperature and. the concentration of cortisol in blood of laboratory animals was registered (rs = 0,49; р < 0,001). The results of study of influence of adrenaline and. noradrenaline on the indices of metabolism activity weren't statistically significant. Obtained data allowed to make a conclusion about importance of endocrine activity of thyroid gland in the formation of adaptation strategy

Change of oxygen capacity and lactate concentration in blood in conditions of experimental multiple skeletal trauma

The article is devoted to the experimental study of changes of oxygen capacity and blood lactate concentration in conditions of multiple skeletal trauma. As the result of the research we revealed that indices that characterize oxygen capacity of blood of 22 Chinchilla rabbits in conditions of experimental multiple skeletal trauma didn't have significant changes during first 7 days after trauma. In first 3 days after trauma hyposiderosis was detected that is connected, in authors' opinion, with system inflammatory reaction and. is considered to be the reason of distinct tendency to anemia in a week after trauma. In laboratory animals during 7 days of observation after trauma significant decrease of concentration of lactate was determined. On the basis of obtained data authors concluded adequate delivery of oxygen to the tissues and. absence of circulatory hypoxia in laboratory animals of an experimental group at the realization of tolerant (passive) adaptation in conditions of multiple skeletal traum

SYSTEM OF ANAESTHETIC SUPPORT AT LARGE JOINT REPLACEMENT SURGERIES

The operation of total endoprosthesis replacement of large joints is associated with several anesthetic problems. Solving these problems ensures the safety of these highly traumatic operations and requires the solution of the following anesthetic tasks in the perioperative period: high degree of antinociceptive protection of patients with effective relaxation of the surgical intervention area; prevention of fatty hyperglobulinemia; decrease in the volume of perioperative hemorrhage and prophylaxis of thrombogenic complications. We developed our own program of anesthetic maintenance at major joints replacement. The components of the program are: the type of anesthesia - spinal anesthesia preservation of spontaneous respiration; our method of fat globulinemia prevention, based on maintaining the functional stability of the hepatocyte; our own method of replacement of peri-operative blood loss, based on the additional principle of "normalization of the oncotic blood pressure". Before the operation, patients receive a solution of tranexamic acid at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body mass to inhibit proteolysis (blood preservation technology). This method provides a "dry" operating field, reducing intraoperative hemorrhage. In the early postoperative period (5 hours after the surgery), under the control of whole blood clotting time, patients receive low molecular weight heparin Clexane at a therapeutic dosage of 1 mg/kg of body weight. This provides effective prevention of thrombogenic complications. The application of the developed technique shows its high clinical effectiveness. Over the past 5 years, 5,800 operations for large joint prosthetics have been performed, including 3,200 total hip replacement operations, 2,600 total knee replacement operations. There were no complications with a fatal outcome, in 5 cases fatty hyperglobulinemia was noted, which was stopped by the own method of treatment. There are no thrombogenic complications

CULTURAL PROPERTIES OF BOVINE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS STRAIN AB1908

Cattle respiratory diseases are some of the most spread pathologies that can cause economic damage, resulting from fi nancial losses and costs of treatment and diagnostics. One of the major factors contributing to respiratory pathology development is bovine respiratory syncytial infection. The analysis of serological testing, performed by the FGBI “ARRIAH” Reference Laboratory for Cattle Diseases in 2017–2018, showed that respiratory syncytial virus seroprevalence in animals of dairy farms is 60%. Herewith, it was noted that the most susceptible animals to this infection are calves under one year of age. The eff ectiveness of bovine respiratory syncytial infection control measures depends on timely diagnosis; that is why reliable and accurate diagnostic tools are needed, including optimal techniques of virus isolation from pathological material. For successful virus isolation from clinical samples, it is necessary to adhere strictly to optimal parameters of this agent cultivation. This paper presents data on study of bovine respiratory syncytial virus strain AB 1908 cultural properties. The tests performed showed that a continuous bovine turbinate (BT) cell line, continuous bovine fetal trachea (FBT) cell line and continuous bovine calf kidney (RBT) cell line are sensitive for cultivation of this agent and can be used to prepare viral suspension, needed for further research. Virus titre in BT cell culture was 4.33 ± 0.16 – 4.66 ± 0.12 lg TCID50/ cm3, in RBT cell culture – 4.33 ± 0.33 – 4.7 ± 0.36 lg TCID50/cm3 and in FBT cell culture – 4.13 ± 0.20 – 4.78 ± 0.17 lg TCID50/cm3. The following virus cultivation optimal parameters were also determined during this study: the age of the culture for virus inoculation should be 1–2 days and multiplicity of inoculation should be 0.1 TCID50/cell

Bovine mycoplasmosis occurrence on livestock farms in the Russian Federation for 2015–2018

Mycoplasmosis control remains urgent in view of wide spread of bovine mycoplasmoses in the countries with intensive animal farming and trade relations between the Russian Federation and foreign partners including import of pedigree livestock and stud bull semen. Results of testing 1,186 biomaterial samples (blood, sera, nasal swabs, milk, preputial swabs, vaginal swabs, aborted and stillborn fetuses) collected from animals that demonstrated clinical signs of respiratory and reproductive disorders in 34 different regions of the Russian Federation for 2015–2018 are presented in the paper. The samples were tested with real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) for genomes of the following mycoplasmosis agents: Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Mycoplasma dispar. As a result, M. bovis genome was detected in 10.1% of the samples, M. bovigenitalium genome was detected in 8.6% of the samples and М. dispar genome was detected in 37.15% of the samples. Also, 927 semen samples submitted from Russian and foreign breeding farms were tested with PCR. Test results showed presence of M. bovis and M. bovigenitalium genomes in semen samples collected from native bull population. Presented data support Russian scientists’ conclusions on wide mycoplasmoses occurrence in cattle in the Russian Federation territory and risk of the disease agent introduction through semen import. All of these highlight the need for control of semen products as a source for mycoplasmosis spread as well as insufficiency of single testing of semen for granting the disease-free status to the breeding farm for genetic material marketing