Improving oil quality by altering levels of fatty acids through marker-assisted selection of ahfad2 alleles in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Peanut plays a key role to the livelihood of millions in the world especially in Arid and Semi-Arid regions. Peanut with high oleic acid content aids to increase shelf-life of peanut oil as well as food products and extends major health benefits to the consumers. In peanut, ahFAD2 gene controls quantity of two major fatty acids viz, oleic and linoleic acids. These two fatty acids together with palmitic acid constitute 90% fat composition in peanut and regulate the quality of peanut oil. Here, two ahfad2 alleles from SunOleic 95R were introgressed into ICGV 05141 using marker-assisted selection. Marker-assisted breeding effectively increased oleic acid and oleic to linoleic acid ratio in recombinant lines up to 44% and 30%, respectively as compared to ICGV 05141. In addition to improved oil quality, the recombinant lines also had superiority in pod yield together with desired pod/seed attributes. Realizing the health benefits and ever increasing demand in domestic and international market, the high oleic peanut recombinant lines will certainly boost the economical benefits to the Indian farmers in addition to ensuring availability of high oleic peanuts to the traders and industry

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Not AvailableStem rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is limiting the peanut production worldwide. Linkage analysis and QTL mapping for resistance to stem rot disease was done in a biparental F2 population developed from a susceptible cultivar GG 20 and a resistant interspecific prebreeding line CS 19 using 1980 simple sequence repeat markers. Only 25.5 % primers were found polymorphic between parents. Among polymorphic primers 23 could differentiate homozygotes and F1 heterozygotes and were carried forward for the genotyping of 178 F2 progenies. Out of which 12 primers segregated in expected 1:2:1 ratio while rest segregated in a distorted ratio. Upon comparison with the international consensus map of peanut 22 markers are found anchored markers of 20 linkages except AHS1480. In this study a total map distance of 558.74 cM is covered by 12 marker loci in two linkage groups. Here we report AHS1480 as a new marker to the existing international consensus peanut linkage map. In this studies a major QTL qstga01.1 is identified for resistance to stem rot disease in peanut which is contributed by resistant parent. Both flanking markers GM2350 and TC4H02 are tightly linked to the major QTL. To our understanding this is the first report on QTL for resistance to stem rot disease in peanut.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIn the current set of an experiment sixty-nine Recombinant Inbred Lines (F8 generation) obtained from a cross between genotypes ICG 4747 and TMV2NLM along with two parents and five elite cultivars were evaluated over three seasons by using principal component and cluster analysis. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits under study. The highest GCV and PCV were observed for pod yield per plant (PY) and harvest index (HI). Significant positive correlation was observed between pod yield per plant (PY) with biological yield per plant (BY), harvest index (HI), kernel yield per plant (KY), 100-kernel mass (HKM), sound mature kernel (SMK) and specific leaf area (SLA). Principal component analysis indicated that four important components accounted for about 73.2% of the total variation among traits in groundnut cultivars. The traits like pod yield per plant (PY), harvest index (HI), kernel yield per plant (KY), 100-kernel mass (HKM), and sound mature kernel (SMK) showed considerable positive loadings on PC1. On the other hand PC2 was corresponding diversity due to shelling out tern (SOT), root diameter (RD), 100-kernel mass (HKM) and kernel yield per plant (KY) with their considerable positive loadings.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableStem rot of groundnut caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is one of the major constraint to groundnut production in many countries. The fungus is ubiquitous, soil inhabitant and non-target. Screening of groundnut genotypes for resistance to stem rot under field conditions is complicated by the non-uniform spatial distribution of the pathogen. While development and maintenance of artificial sick plot with optimum inoculums load under field conditions are also difficult because of sensitivity of the pathogen to temperature, humidity, soil type, cropping system and host preference. In the present study, a screening technique under field conditions with high disease pressure has been reported. Twenty-five wild Arachis accessions and 178 F3 progenies along with two parents were screened under pot and field conditions, respectively for resistance to stem rot. Two wild Arachis accessions and three F3 lines were found resistant to stem rot with mortality less than 20% and 10%, respectively.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableEvaluation of interspecific derivatives of groundnut was carried out under field and laboratory conditions for stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii during rainy and post-rainy seasons from 2005-2008. Disease incidence was higher during rainy compared to post-rainy season. During initial screening of interspecific derivatives for stem rot under sick plot, 42 lines were found to be promising with no disease incidence. Advanced screening of these promising lines was carried out in concrete block with sick soil under field conditions and earthen pot with sick soil under lab conditions. Interspecific lines NRCGCS-47, NRCGCS-99, NRCGCS-131 and NRCGCS-319 were found promising against stem rot during early stages and later stages of crop growth. Out of which interspecific line NRCGCS-319 was found to be most stable one with comparatively lower pooled disease incidence over concrete block and laboratory conditions.Not Availabl

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Not AvailablePeanut plays a key role to the livelihood of millions in the world especially in Arid and Semi-Arid regions. Peanut with high oleic acid content aids to increase shelf-life of peanut oil as well as food products and extends major health benefits to the consumers. In peanut, ahFAD2 gene controls quantity of two major fatty acids viz, oleic and linoleic acids. These two fatty acids together with palmitic acid constitute 90% fat composition in peanut and regulate the quality of peanut oil. Here, two ahfad2 alleles from SunOleic 95R were introgressed into ICGV 05141 using marker-assisted selection. Marker-assisted breeding effectively increased oleic acid and oleic to linoleic acid ratio in recombinant lines up to 44% and 30%, respectively as compared to ICGV 05141. In addition to improved oil quality, the recombinant lines also had superiority in pod yield together with desired pod/seed attributes. Realizing the health benefits and ever increasing demand in domestic and international market, the high oleic peanut recombinant lines will certainly boost the economical benefits to the Indian farmers in addition to ensuring availability of high oleic peanuts to the traders and industry.Not Availabl