PERCEIVED LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES IN SAUDI EDUCATION AND ITS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES

There is a lot that goes into managing techniques. Some of it is task-oriented, while other parts are human behavior-oriented. Various management techniques helps any leader build stronger teams that are more effective and productive, he can mix and match these techniques, as the situation warrants. This research paper is aiming to discuss the perceived leadership challenges and the management techniques in education in Saudi. Saudi Arabia is trying to develop unprecedented approach in the field of education, this requires an effective management techniques always. The recent implications of the Saudi leadership foreshadow a new approach in visualizing the future of culture and education in the Kingdom. The aim of this research is to study the attitudes of the Saudi leadership towards education and the administrative methods used to develop education. The purpose of this research is to contribute to an understanding of the educational leadership process at the level of state policy. Descriptive and analytical approaches were used in this study. On this analysis based five main changes of Saudi's approach, these changes have been identified: 1) Change in women's social role; 2) Organizing educational competencies; 3) Increase government investment in the education sector; 4) Rapid growth towards high technological development; 5) Adopt a balanced approach between local and global values

EDUCATION AS A SOFT POWER TOOL: SAUDI'S APPROACH AS PUBLIC DIPLOMACY

Researchers have discussed the significance of education as a Soft power tool for decades. These discussions typically focus on higher education and student exchange programs. Middle powers, such as Saudi, are constrained from using hard power to achieve their political goals; consequently, middle powers use soft power tools to achieve their political ends. It is important to use soft power strategically and effectively to maximize its benefits. This study explores Saudi's dissemination cultural institutes and schools in the context of education and analyzes Saudi's multi-channel education strategy. More particularly, this research shows the ways in which Saudi combines sending Saudi students to other countries for education, opening institutes in other countries and give scholarships to international students. Descriptive and analytical approaches were used in this research. The aim of this research is to understand Saudi soft power in education, the purpose of this research is to understand the importance of education in the world of politics. On this analysis based six main benefits of Saudi's approach, this benefits have been identified: 1) Opportunities to establish Saudi businesses in many in multiple places of the world; 2) The construction of a favorable image of Saudi in the eyes of the governments and public resulting from the provision of jobs and study opportunities; 3) Opportunities to promote Saudi culture and language and foster cultural exchanges; 4) A way to attract people to religious tourism; 5) The establishment of strong foundations for future projects; 6) Attract international investment to Saudi Arabia

The delaying of elective surgeries after COVID-19 infection decreases postoperative complications

Summary: Background: Huge controversy surrounds delaying elective surgeries after COVID-19 infection. Although two studies evaluated the issue, several gaps still exist. Methods: A propensity score matched retrospective single center cohort design was used to evaluate the optimum time of delaying elective surgeries after COVID-19 infection and the validity of the current ASA guidelines in this regard. The exposure of interest was a previous COVID-19 infection. The primary composite included the incidence of death, unplanned Intensive Care Unit admission or postoperative mechanical ventilation. The secondary composite included the occurrence of pneumonia, acute respiratory distress, or venous thromboembolic. Results: The total number of patients was 774, half of them had a history of COVID-19 infection. The analysis revealed that delaying surgeries for 4 weeks was associated with significant reduction in primary composite (AOR = 0.02; 95%CI: 0.00–0.33) and the length of hospital stay (B = 3.05; 95%CI: 0.41–5.70). Furthermore, before implementing the ASA guidelines in our hospital, a significant higher risk for the primary composite (AOR = 15.15; 95%CI: 1.84–124.44; P-value = 0.011) was observed compared to after applying it. Conclusion: Our study showed that the optimum period of delaying elective surgery after COVID-19 infection is four weeks, with no further benefits from waiting for longer times. This finding provide further support to the current ASA guidelines about delaying elective surgeries. Further large-scale prospective studies are needed to give more evidence-based support to the appropriateness of the 4-week waiting time for elective surgeries after COVID-19 infection and to investigate the effect of type of surgery on the required delay

Meeting the Needs of the Aging Population: The Canadian Network on Aging and Cancer—Report on the First Network Meeting, 27 April 2016

The aging of the Canadian population represents the major risk factor for a projected increase in cancer incidence in the coming decades. However, the evidence base to guide management of older adults with cancer remains extremely limited. It is thus imperative that we develop a national research agenda and establish a national collaborative network to devise joint studies that will help to accelerate the development of high-quality research, education, and clinical care and thus better address the needs of older Canadians with cancer. To begin this process, the inaugural meeting of the Canadian Network on Aging and Cancer was held in Toronto, 27 April 2016. The meeting was attended by 51 invited researchers and clinicians from across Canada, as well as by international leaders in geriatric oncology from the United States and France. The objectives of the meeting were to (1) review the present landscape of education, clinical care, and research in the area of cancer and aging in Canada; (2) identify issues of high research priority in Canada within the field of cancer and aging; (3) identify current barriers to geriatric oncology research in Canada and develop potential solutions; (4) develop a Canadian collaborative multidisciplinary research network between investigators to improve health outcomes for older adults with cancer; (5) learn from successful international efforts to stimulate the geriatric oncology research agenda in Canada. In the present report, we describe the education, clinical care, and research priorities that were identified at the meeting

Mortality, Intensive Care Unit Admission, and Intubation among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A One-Year Retrospective Study in Jordan

COVID-19 is a public health crisis that has caused numerous deaths, necessitated an increased number of hospital admissions, and led to extended inpatient stays. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with COVID-19 mortality, intensive care unit admission, intubation, and length of hospital stay among Jordanian patients. This was a one-year retrospective study of 745 COVID-19 patients admitted to Jordan University Hospital. Data regarding the patients’ demographics, clinical and co-morbid conditions, imaging, laboratory parameters, mortality, intensive care unit admission (ICU), and intubation were collected from their medical records using a coding manual. The data revealed that the overall rates of COVID-19-related mortality, ICU admission, and invasive intubation were 23.0%, 28.3%, and 10.8%, respectively. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), troponin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and O2 saturation 2 saturation <90% and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were the only variables associated with invasive intubation. The findings of this study suggest that study-related health outcomes can be used to predict the severity of COVID-19, and they can inform future research aiming to identify specific populations who are at a higher risk of COVID-19 complications

Global Incidence and Risk Factors Associated With Postoperative Urinary Retention Following Elective Inguinal Hernia Repair

Importance Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a well-recognized complication of inguinal hernia repair (IHR). A variable incidence of POUR has previously been reported in this context, and contradictory evidence surrounds potential risk factors.Objective To ascertain the incidence of, explore risk factors for, and determine the health service outcomes of POUR following elective IHR.Design, Setting, and Participants The Retention of Urine After Inguinal Hernia Elective Repair (RETAINER I) study, an international, prospective cohort study, recruited participants between March 1 and October 31, 2021. This study was conducted across 209 centers in 32 countries in a consecutive sample of adult patients undergoing elective IHR.Exposure Open or minimally invasive IHR by any surgical technique, under local, neuraxial regional, or general anesthesia.Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the incidence of POUR following elective IHR. Secondary outcomes were perioperative risk factors, management, clinical consequences, and health service outcomes of POUR. A preoperative International Prostate Symptom Score was measured in male patients.Results In total, 4151 patients (3882 male and 269 female; median [IQR] age, 56 [43-68] years) were studied. Inguinal hernia repair was commenced via an open surgical approach in 82.2% of patients (n = 3414) and minimally invasive surgery in 17.8% (n = 737). The primary form of anesthesia was general in 40.9% of patients (n = 1696), neuraxial regional in 45.8% (n = 1902), and local in 10.7% (n = 446). Postoperative urinary retention occurred in 5.8% of male patients (n = 224), 2.97% of female patients (n = 8), and 9.5% (119 of 1252) of male patients aged 65 years or older. Risk factors for POUR after adjusted analyses included increasing age, anticholinergic medication, history of urinary retention, constipation, out-of-hours surgery, involvement of urinary bladder within the hernia, temporary intraoperative urethral catheterization, and increasing operative duration. Postoperative urinary retention was the primary reason for 27.8% of unplanned day-case surgery admissions (n = 74) and 51.8% of 30-day readmissions (n = 72).Conclusions The findings of this cohort study suggest that 1 in 17 male patients, 1 in 11 male patients aged 65 years or older, and 1 in 34 female patients may develop POUR following IHR. These findings could inform preoperative patient counseling. In addition, awareness of modifiable risk factors may help to identify patients at increased risk of POUR who may benefit from perioperative risk mitigation strategies