The Spectral Type of the Ionizing Stars and the Infrared Fluxes of HII Regions

The 20 cm radio continuum fluxes of 91 HII regions in a previously compiled catalog have been determined. The spectral types of the ionizing stars in 42 regions with known distances are estimated. These spectral types range from B0.5 to O7, corresponding to effective temperatures of 29 000-37 000 K. The dependences of the infrared (IR) fluxes at 8, 24, and 160 $\mu$m on the 20 cm flux are considered. The IR fluxes are used as a diagnostic of heating of the matter, and the radio fluxes as measurements of the number of ionizing photons. It is established that the IR fluxes grow approximately linearly with the radio flux. This growth of the IR fluxes probably indicates a growth of the mass of heated material in the envelope surrounding the HII region with increasing effective temperature of the star.Comment: 16, pages, 10 figures, published in Astronomy Report

Infrared Morphology of Regions of Ionized Hydrogen

A search for infrared ring nebulae associated with regions of ionized hydrogen has been carried out. The New GPS Very Large Array survey at 20 cm forms the basis of the search, together with observations obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope at 8 and 24 $\mu$m and the Herschel Space Telescope at 70 $\mu$m. Objects having ring-like morphologies at 8 $\mu$m and displaying extended emission at 20 cm were selected visually. Emission at 24 $\mu$m having the form of an inner ring or central peak is also observed in the selected objects. A catalog of 99 ring nebulae whose shapes at 8 and 70 $\mu$m are well approximated by ellipses has been compiled. The catalog contains 32 objects whose shapes are close to circular (eccentricities of the fitted ellipses at 8 $\mu$m no greater than 0.6, angular radius exceeding 20). These objects are promising for comparisons with the results of one-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of expanding regions of ionized hydrogen.Comment: Astronomy Reports, Volume 61, Issue 12, pp.1015-1030 (ARep Homepage

Global photometric analysis of Galactic HII regions

Total infrared fluxes are estimated for 99 HII regions around massive stars. The following wavebands have been used for the analysis: 8 and 24 μm, based on data from the Spitzer Space Telescope (IRAC and MIPS, respectively); 70, 160, 250, 350 and 500 μm, based on data from the Herschel Space Observatory (PACS and SPIRE). The estimated fluxes are used to evaluate the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mass fraction (q PAH) and the intensity of ultraviolet emission in the studied objects. It is shown that the PAH mass fraction, q PAH, is much lower in these objects than the average Galactic value, implying effective destruction of aromatic particles in HII regions. Estimated radiation field intensities (U) are close to those derived for extragalactic HII complexes. Color indices [F 24/F 8], [F 70/F 24], [F 160/F 24] and [F 160/F 70] are compared to criteria proposed to distinguish between regions of ionized hydrogen and planetary nebulae. Also, we relate our results to analogous color indices for extragalactic complexes of ionized hydrogen. © 2018 National Astronomical Observatories, CAS and IOP Publishing Ltd.

Analysis of the interstellar matter at the periphery of the supershell surrounding the CYG OB1 association in 2.12 micron molecular hydrogen line

We present observations of the vdB 130 cluster vicinity in a narrow-band filter centered at a $2.12\,\mu$m molecular hydrogen line performed at the Caucasus Mountain Observatory of the Lomonosov Moscow State University. The observations reveal an H$_2$ emission shell around vdB 130, coincident with a bright infrared shell, visible in all \textit{Spitzer} bands. Also, numerous H$_{2}$ emission features are detected around infrared Blobs E and W and in the vicinity of a protocluster located to the east of the shell, in a tail of a cometary molecular cloud. H$_2$ emission in the vicinity of the vdB~130 cluster is mostly generated in well-developed \HII\ regions and is of fluorescent nature. In the protocluster area, isolated spots are observed, where H$_2$ emission is collisionally excited and is probably related to shocks in protostellar outflows. Obtained results are discussed in the context of possible sequential star formation in the vicinity of the vdB 130 cluster, triggered by the interaction of the expanding supershell surrounding the Cyg OB1 association with the molecular cloud and an associated molecular filament.Comment: Accepted by Astrophysical Bulleti

Hepatocellular damage and inflammation in various forms of alcoholic liver disease

Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate hepatocellular damage and immune inflammation in various forms of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Materials and methods. 104 patients with ALD were examined: 15 (14.4%) with liver steatosis (LS), 19 (18.3%) with steatohepatitis and 70 (67.3%) with liver cirrhosis (LC); men 50 (48.1%), women 54 (51.9%); age 45.78.4 years. Traditional clinical, laboratory, instrumental studies were performed, the levels of fragments of cytokeratin-18 (FCK-18), cytokines IL-1, TNF-, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 were determined by ELISA. The control group consisted of 39 healthy individuals: men 20 (51.2%), women 19 (48.7%), age 48.58.3 years. Results. In LS, an increase in the level of FCK-18 was noted with normal aminotransferase activity, the content of TNF-, IL-6, IL-1, IL-8 increased and the level of IL-4 decreased compared to those in healthy individuals. In steatohepatitis, a triple increase in aminotransferases and FCK-18 was observed compared with LS, as well as an increase in the level of inflammatory mediators, to a greater extent IL-6, to a lesser extent IL-8, TNF-, a decrease in IL-4, IL-1 remained at the same level. In LC, there was a further increase in FCK-18, significantly more pronounced than an increase in AST, and the increase in cytokines continued to the same extent, the levels of IL-6 and IL-8, to a lesser extent IL-1 and TNF-, and the level of IL-4. Conclusion. With the progression of ALD from LS to steatohepatitis, hepatic cell damage was carried out by equally pronounced processes of hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis, with the development of cirrhosis of the liver, parenchyma damage occurred mainly due to hepatocyte apoptosis. The immuno-inflammatory process progressively increased from the stage of LS to LC with IL-6 and IL-8 undergoing the greatest dynamics. FCK-18 can serve as a non-invasive marker of hepatic cell damage, and IL-6 and IL-8 markers of immune inflammation in ALD