Perbedaan Metode ELISA Sandwich A dan B dalam Deteksi Antigen Membran Toxoplasma gondii

Spreading of toxoplasmosis to fetus can by placenta, so it caused theabortion, born dead or congenital defect. To diagnosis this disease for fixed the acute infection must get the significant increasing of IgG by the soft fee. The objections of this study are to know the difference between ELISA Sandwich A and B in detecting of membrane antigen of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in placenta tissue of pregnant women three-semester I and II with spontaneous abortion in Surakarta. One hundred serum and placenta tissue samples of pregnant women three-semester I and II with spontaneous abortion are got from dr. Muwardi Hospital. IgM anti Toxo from serum was examined by Toxo ISAGA Kit and IgG anti Toxo by Toxo Screen DA Kit. Detecting of membrane antigen of T. goodie from placenta tissue were done by ELISA Sandwich A and B. The result of this experiment showed that 33% were positive IBM and or Gig anti Toxo. Detection of membrane antigen toward 33 samples with positive Toxo (IgG positive) was highly significant different between ELISA Sandwich A (3% positive) toward ELISA Sandwich B (72.7% positive)

Survey of community knowledge, attitudes, and practices during a malaria epidemic in central Java, Indonesia.

We surveyed adults in a randomly selected sample of 1,000 households in 50 villages in nine malarial sub-districts in Purworejo, central Java, Indonesia from May to July 2001. The survey assessed malaria knowledge, attitudes, and practices in communities experiencing epidemic malaria to begin exploring broad strategies for controlling the disease in the region. A pre-tested survey instrument consisting of 93 questions addressed demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, knowledge and perceptions of malaria, burden and severity of disease, treatment-seeking behavior, malaria prevention practices, and perceptions of government malaria control efforts. The survey was taken by in-person interview of all subjects. Most (97%) subjects were aware of malaria and more than two-thirds correctly identified mosquitoes as the vector. Forty-one percent of households in both forest/hilly and agricultural/urban areas reported malaria illness in the past year. Thirty-six percent (357 households) owned at least one bed net, 92% of these had been purchased by the owners. However, only 36% of households with bed nets affirmed their use as a means of preventing malaria. Nearly all respondents reported a willingness to accept spraying of residual insecticides for malaria prevention, yet less than 5% were willing to pay a nominal fee (US $3) for this service. Fifty-two percent of respondents reported self-treatment of malaria illness without visiting a health facility. This assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices showed a broad awareness of malaria and its consequences among residents of malarial areas in the Menoreh Hills of Central Java

Chloroquine or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated, Plasmodium falciparurn malaria during an epidemic in Central Java, Indonesia

A recent malaria epidemic in the Menoreh Hills of Central Java has increased concern about the re-emergence of endemic malaria on java, which threatens the island \u27s 120 million residents. A 2R-uay, in-vivo test of the efficacy of treatment of malaria with antimalarial drugs was conducted among 167 villagers in the Menoreh Hills. The treatments investigated chloroquine (CQ) and sulfadoxine- pyrimethamine (SP) , constitute, respectively, the first- and second -line treatments for uncomplicated malaria in Indonesia. The prevalence of malaria among 1389 residents screened prior to enrollment was 3.l%. Treatment outcomes were assessed by microscopical diagnoses, PCR-based confirmation of the diagnoses, measurement or the whole -blood concentrations of CQ and descthylchloroquine (DCQ) , and identification of the Plasmodium falciparum genotypes. The 28-day cumulative incidences of therapeutic failure for CQ and SP were, respectively, 47% (N= 36) and 22% (N = 50) in the treatment of P. falciparum and 18%( N = 77) and 67% (N = 6) in the treatment of P. vivax. Chloroquine was thus an ineffective therapy for P. falciparurn malaria, and the presence of CQ- resistant P. Vivax and SP-resistant P. falciparum will further compromise efforts to control resurgent malaria on Java