Investigation of Chaga Melanin. II. Composition of Hydrocarbon Fraction

© 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York. The composition of the fraction extracted by petroleum ether from chaga melanin was investigated for the first time. Saturated hydrocarbons with normal and iso-branched structures in addition to pristane, phytane, steranes, and terpanes were identified

Analysis of the Tambov region’s labor market and factors of it’s transformation in conditions of economy digitalization

A brief analysis of the Tambov region’s labor market and the factors, determining its digital transformation, are presented. The attractiveness of large cities as a destination for labor resources is constantly increasing due to high demand and wages in the labor market. In recent decades, the region has been losing significantly labor resources and worsening its economic situation and competitiveness in the ranking of regions. Qualitative transformation of regional socio-economic development by identifying key conditions for training digital economy personnel in the region, improving the system of investment and innovation activities for the development of labor resources, building a system for monitoring population employment and individual development trajectories and a system for regulating the employment of graduates in order to respond in a timely manner on migration flows, will have prevented migration from the region and will have stimulated economic growth

Diagnosis of Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia: Determination of the Specificity of Antiplatelet Alloantibodies in the Maternal Blood Plasma Using a Molecular and Genetic Method

Background: Thrombocytopenia occurs in 1-5 % of newborns (platelet count < 150 × 109/L). Low platelet count of 50 × 109/L leads to the hemorrhagic syndrome, with one of its causes being neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia resulting from incompatibility between the mother and the fetus with human platelet antigens (HPA) inherited from the father and absent in the mother, which leads to the formation of maternal antibodies. Anti-HPA-1a, anti-HPA-5b, anti-HPA-3a, and anti-HPA-3b antibodies are clinically significant as they destroy fetal/neonatal platelets causing severe complications (intracranial hemorrhage in 20 % of cases and prenatal or postnatal death in 10 % of cases). Adequate diagnosis is a key to a successful treatment approach, which largely depends on the thrombocytopenia cause.   Objective: To determine the alloimmune nature of neonatal thrombocytopenia and the specificity of antibodies in the mother’s blood.   Materials and methods: We studied blood samples of parents (21 pairs) of newborns with thrombocytopenia in Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation. We used flow cytometry to determine alloantibodies in the maternal plasma after incubation with paternal platelets and staining with Goat F(ab’)2 Anti-Human IgG-FITC and CD41-PE monoclonal antibodies. Allosensitization index was calculated as the percentage of IgG-positive cells to the number of cells fixing anti-CD41 antibodies. At the value of ≥ 15 %, antiplatelet alloantibodies were considered present in a sample. We used a molecular detection system of the FluoVista analyzer (Inno-Train, Germany) for genetic testing with allele-specific primers. Alleles of genes encoding the expression of HPA-1, HPA-2, HPA-3, HPA-4, HPA-5, HPA-6, HPA-9, and HPA-15 antigens were determined by a real-time polymerase chain reaction using a set of HPA-FluoGene reagents (Inno-Train, Germany). Genomic DNA was isolated using the DNA-sorb-B set (AmpliSens, Russian Federation).   Results: We found that 8 of 21 (38 %) mothers had antibodies against paternal platelets. During genotyping in mother/father pairs, incompatible combinations of platelet antigens were revealed: HPA-1b/HPA-1a in 9 pairs (HPA-1a antigen absent on the maternal platelets and present on the paternal platelets), of which 5 mothers (55%) had antibodies with a probable specificity to anti-HPA-1a; HPA-1a/HPA-1b incompatibility in 4 pairs, with 2 (50 %) mothers having antibodies with an anti-HPA-1b specificity. HPA-3a/HPA-3b incompatibility was observed in 4 pairs, with antibodies (probably anti-HPA3b) in 1 mother (25%). HPA-2a/HPA-2b, HPA-5a/HPA-5b, HPA-15a/HPA-15b, HPA-15b/HPA-15a incompatibilities were detected (1 case each in 21 pairs), with no antibodies found in mothers. The probable specificity of the antibodies was distributed as follows: 62 % for anti-HPA-1a, 25% for anti-HPA-1b, and 13 % for anti-HPA-3a.   Conclusions: We confirmed the immune nature of neonatal thrombocytopenia and determined the probable specificity of maternal alloantibodies in 8 of 21 cases

Comparative analysis of the use of standard and individual abutments

In modern dentistry, dental implants are increasingly used. Dental implants are used to restore defects in the dentition, as well as to replace them with fixed and removable dentures in case of complete loss of teeth. In order to ensure good functionality, aesthetics, and in particular the retention of removable and non - removable orthopedic structures supported by implants, special suprastructures-abutments are used [2]. The study of abutments (attachments) based on implants was the purpose of this workВ современной стоматологии дентальная имплантация является одним из широко востребованных современных методов лечения. Зубные имплантаты применяются с целью восстановления дефектов зубных рядов, а также восполнения их несъемными и съемными протезами при полной потере зубов. Наддесневая часть супраструктуры – абатменты [2]. Изучение абатментов (аттачментов) с опорой на имплантаты и явилось целью данной работы

Distance education in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a stress-factor for a medical university

The article presents a study of the experience of conducting distance learning on the example of the organization of the educational process at the Ural State Medical University, presents the results of a survey of students from the first to the sixth year of all areas of training. The analysis of the organization of classes in a remote format is carried out. The survey showed that the emergency transition to distance learning did not affect the quality of students ' education. New methods of training students based on the use of modern educational technologies, a network form, which provided the opportunity for students to master the educational program and individual academic subjects, were used.В статье представлено исследование опыта по проведению дистанционного обучения на примере организации образовательного процесса в Уральском государственном медицинском университете, представлены результаты анкетирования обучающихся с первого по шестой курс всех направлений подготовки обучения. Проведен анализ организации занятий в дистанционном формате. Опрос показал, что экстренный переход обучения на дистанционный формат не повлиял на качество образования студентов. Были использованы новые методики подготовки студентов на основе применения современных образовательных технологий, сетевая форма, которая обеспечила возможность освоения обучающимся образовательной программы и отдельных учебных предметов

Study of the demand for combined B vitamins

For the normal life of people, many different substances are necessary, among which vitamins play an important role. A huge role belongs to b vitamins [4]. Deficiency of the latter can lead to cardiovascular diseases, cognitive dysfunctions, and diseases of the musculoskeletal system.Для нормальной жизнедеятельности необходимо множество различных веществ, среди которых немаловажную роль играют витамины. Огромная роль относится к витаминам группы В [4]. Дефицит последних может приводить к сердечно-сосудистым заболеваниям, когнетивным дисфункциям, патологии костно-мышечной системы

Immunomodulatory properties of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a myelopoietic growth factor that exerts pleiotropic effect not only on the differentiation of immature progenitor cells into polymorphonuclear neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells, but also controls the functioning of differentiated cells. GM-CSF is currently being investigated in clinical trials as an immunomodulator and adjuvant. However, a wide range of biological activities and, sometimes, paradoxical effects of this cytokine require more thorough studies of its action, in order to predict its efficacy under different conditions of immunotherapy. In this work, we have studied the effect of recombinant human GM-CSF on metabolic activity of mouse peritoneal exudate cells in primary cell cultures. Metabolic (redox) activity of the cells was assessed by their ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) in the course of MF- and Fc-dependent phagocytosis triggered by addition of opsonized zymosan, or sheep erythrocytes to the culture medium. We have shown the dose-dependent stimulatory effect of GM-CSF on the oxidative metabolism of phagocytic peritoneal macrophages and neutrophils. Upon culturing the pepton-elicited cells at wide range of GM-CSF concentrations (5 to 40,000 ng/mL) for 2 and 24 hours, a more pronounced effect of the substance was observed for neutrophils. The GM-CSF preparation caused a significant increase (by 13-17%) in the redox activity of neutrophils induced by opsonized zymosan that persisted at a low dose range, and was retained after 24 hours. The stimulatory effect of GM-CSF on macrophages with NBT index increase by 16% was observed in the short-term cultures. In general, the elicited cells of both types showed a more pronounced response to lower concentrations of GM-CSF (5-125 ng/mL), and weaker effect at higher doses of the preparation. A similar dependence was found when studying the resident macrophages. Culturing of resident cells with GM-CSF at the doses of 5,000 to 40,000 ng/mL for 24 hours caused a significantly increased redox activity of the cells induced by zymosan, or sheep erythrocytes (by 33-52%). In both cases, the maximal response was detected at a dose of 5,000 ng/mL and decreased with increasing dose. The stimulatory effect of GM-CSF upon resident macrophages was more pronounced as compared to elicited cells, which was characterized by the prolonged period of cell activation (up to 24 hours of culture). The data obtained are of interest, in view of prospective usage of GM-CSF as a component of immunomodulatory and adjuvant therapy for various infectious diseases