Perbaikan Teknik Kultur Embrio Kelapa Kopyor (Cocos Nucifera L.) Asal Sumenep Jawa Timur melalui Penambahan Bahan Aditif dan Pengujian Periode Subkultur

The success of culturing of "Kopyor" coconut (matured coconut with broken meat particles due to abnormal formation of endosperm) through embryo culture depends on the medium used. A revised protocol on medium embryo culture was done to increase embryo germination and plantlet production of kopyor coconut obtained from Sumenep. Embryos excised from mature nuts were cultured in solid Eeuwens basal media supplemented with 150 ml coconut water, 150 ml coconut milk, 50 mg/l thio-urea, and 100 mg/l thio-urea. Germinating embryos were transferred to solid Eeuwens basal media containing 100, 150, and 200 ml/l coconut water. Subsequent transfers of the germinating embryos to fresh media to complete seedling development were done at different periods of subculture, i.e., 1, 2, 3, and 4 months. The highest viability of kopyor embryo was shown by 150 ml/l coconut water, about 95% embryos in this medium germinated. At plantlet phase, addition of coconut water did not give a positive result to the growth of kopyor plantlets. However, coconut water could increase the complete plantlet, i.e., plantlet with shoot and good root. Growth and number of kopyor plantlets obtained were the best when the plantlets transferred into fresh medium every 2 months

COLOR MATCHING UNTUK DETEKSI KANDUNGAN KLOROFIL MENGGUNAKAN DATA FOTO DAUN BERBASIS MOBILE (IDC-BASED ON LEAF IMAGE)

Abstrak. Gambar merupakan sebuah data yang memberikan banyak informasi. Sebuah gambar dapat mengandung sebuah obyek atau lebih, tergantung dari jenis gambarnya. Data gambar sangat diperlukan dalam berbagai proses pengolahan data digital, seperti misalnya data gambar angkasa yang digunakan sebagai dasar pembuatan peta digital, maupun pemetaan sumberdaya alam. Data citra digital yang lebih spesifik digunakan sebagai dasar dari proses identifikasi, seperti misalnya proses pengenalan wajah maupun proses pengenalan sidik jari. Proses pengenalan obyek pada gambar digital dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai metode diantaranya adalah metode template matching. template matching yaitu metode untuk mencari bagian kecil dari sebuah obyek dengan membandingkan citra template. Pada penelitian ini proses pengenalan untuk mencari tingkat kesamaan obyek dilakukan dengan membandingkan fitur yang didapatkan dari citra uji dan citra template. Citra yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah citra daun, dan fitur yang diekstraksi dari citra ruang warna hijau. Ruang warna hijau akan digunakan sebagai analisa histogram yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan analisa histogram pada dataset. Dataset merupakan data daun yang telah dilakukan uji kandungan klorofil dengan menggunakan spektofotometer. Nilai kandungan klorofil yang akan ditampilkan dari data uji adalah nilai rata-rata dari tiga dataset yang memiliki kemiripan nilai histogram paling tinggi. Proses evaluasi hasil dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan nilai yang didapatkan dari hasil uji system dengan nilai yang didapatkan dari hasil proses spektofotometer.   Kata Kunci: Color Matching, Klorofil, Citra, Ruang warna, Histogra

In Vitro Conservation of Coconut (Cocos Nucifera L.) Embryos in Culture Media

The possibility of delaying the germination of mature coconut embryos in vitro for medium-term conservation of coconut was investigated. Embryos of coconut was stored in sugar free, full-strength and half-strength MS media for 3 months with minimal loss in viability. Germinability of embryos decreased with prolonged storage. At the end of 9-month storage period, embryos kept in full-strength media were all non-germinable, while those stored in half-strength media still gave 15% germination. Addition of mannitol up to 0.3M did show any significant effect on germination of embryos stored for 3 months. However, longer period of storage helps to a certain extent in the preservation of embryo viability. The presence of mannitol in the storage medium also induced morphological abnormalities in seedlings derived subsequently from the stored embryos. Mannitol at 0.4M was totally deleterious to the embryo. Significance of these findings on coconut genetic resources conservation are discussed

Isolation and Analysis of DNA Fragment of Genes Related to Kopyor Trait in Coconut Plant

Kopyor coconut is a natural mutant that has abnormal endosperm development. For the first time several genes that were suspected to be related to kopyor trait were identified based on the chemical compounds of the endosperm that different from that of normal coconut. Sucrose synthase (SUS), Stearoyl acyl carrier protein desaturase (SACPD), and Absicid acid insensitive (ABI) genes were isolated and analyzed. Four DNA fragments with length of 746, 738, 780, and 687 bp (CnSus1A, CnSus1B, CnSus2A, and CnSus2B) were obtained from SUS gene. Sequence analysis at DNA and amino acid level showed that CnSus1A, CnSus1B, CnSus2A, and CnSus2B were classified into monocot SUS group with nongrass SUS type. Isolation of SACPD gene resulted in one DNA fragment with DNA length of 716 bp. CnSacpd shared a high homology with SACPD gene of oil palm and soybean. Isolation of ABI gene resulted in two DNA fragments, CnAbi3A and CnAbi3B, with DNA length of 760 and 728 bp, respectively. CnAbi3A and CnAbi3B showed a high homology with ABI3 gene of several plants. All DNA fragment obtained from SUS, SACPD, ABI genes were used as templates to design spesific markers for each corresponding gene. There were 7 specific primer sets designed, i.e., CnSUS1A, CnSUS1B, CnSUS2A, CnSUS2B, CnSACPD, CnABI3A, and CnABI3B.