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    Π‘ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ взгляд Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡƒ острого послСопСрационного дСлирия Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ортопСдичСского профиля Π² условиях отдСлСния Ρ€Π΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ интСнсивной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ

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    The purpose of the present literature review is a systematization of known evidence on the problem of postoperative delirium as a frequent complication in elderly and senile patients during extensive reconstructiveΒ surgery on the spine and large joints. The review, which is based on publications of foreign and native authors, provides insights into current understanding of the pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, methods of treatment, and prevention of these complications. The number of operations in traumatology and orthopedy is increasing. Accordingly with this fact, we are seeing an increase the number of cases of postoperative delirium. We know that the risk of delirium is linked with patient age. The interest to this problem is growing and has clinical and economical background. The etiology of delirium is considered to be multivariate. The development of diagnostic tools is playing a very important role and provides control of delirium in intensive care unit. Common understanding of this state’s pathophysiology and the opportunity to participate another physician leads to correct organization of treatment process. The knowledge of acute postoperative delirium in intensive care unit is being formed. The basic concept of postoperative delirium varies from its definition psychiatry and narcology due to differences in how different specialties treat the disorder. The risk factors of treatment are estimated. The controlled sedation is a clear trend. The experience of practical application dexmedetomidin for prevention and treatment of postoperative delirium is accumulated. Although the value of drug- therapy is difficult to overestimate the great influence on the result have non- pharmalogical methods.ЦСль прСдставлСнного ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π° Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ – систСматизация извСстных свСдСний ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ послСопСрационного дСлирия ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ частого ослоТнСния Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ старчСского возраста ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡˆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… рСконструктивных хирургичСских ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… суставах. Π’ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅, основанном Π½Π° публикациях Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ отСчСствСнных Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², приводятся соврСмСнныС прСдставлСния ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅, Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ… риска, диагностикС, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ… лСчСния ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ этого ослоТнСния. ΠžΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ числа ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ Π² Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ сопровоТдаСтся ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ риска возникновСния послСопСрационного дСлирия. И этот риск связан Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ с возрастным составом ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Π’ΠΎΠ·Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ интСрСс ΠΊ этой ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ клиничСского значСния ΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ экономичСскиС прСдпосылки. Π’ настоящСС врСмя считаСтся, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ этиология развития дСлирия – многофакторная. Π˜ΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Π΅Ρ‚ созданиС инструмСнтов диагностики послСопСрационного дСлирия, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ обСспСчило Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ контроля этого состояния Π² условиях отдСлСния интСнсивной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ организация Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ участия спСциалистов Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° основС Сдинства понимания ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ состояния. ЀормируСтся объСм спСцифичСских Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎ послСопСрационном Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ интСнсивной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. И эта дСфиниция ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ ряд ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Β«Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΉΒ» Π² психиатрии ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. БоотвСтствСнно этим прСдставлСниям Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ тСрапСвтичСских ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ‹ риски самой Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. НамСчСна чСткая тСндСнция ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ сСдации. НакапливаСтся ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ примСнСния Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ дСксмСдСтомидин, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ дСксдор, для ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ дСлирия. Π’Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ дСлирия слоТно ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ лСчСния дСлирия ΡΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΡŽΡ‚ свою Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ

    Modern view on the problem of acute postoperative delirium in trauma and orthopedic patients in the intensive care unit

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    The purpose of the present literature review is a systematization of known evidence on the problem of postoperative delirium as a frequent complication in elderly and senile patients during extensive reconstructiveΒ surgery on the spine and large joints. The review, which is based on publications of foreign and native authors, provides insights into current understanding of the pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, methods of treatment, and prevention of these complications. The number of operations in traumatology and orthopedy is increasing. Accordingly with this fact, we are seeing an increase the number of cases of postoperative delirium. We know that the risk of delirium is linked with patient age. The interest to this problem is growing and has clinical and economical background. The etiology of delirium is considered to be multivariate. The development of diagnostic tools is playing a very important role and provides control of delirium in intensive care unit. Common understanding of this state’s pathophysiology and the opportunity to participate another physician leads to correct organization of treatment process. The knowledge of acute postoperative delirium in intensive care unit is being formed. The basic concept of postoperative delirium varies from its definition psychiatry and narcology due to differences in how different specialties treat the disorder. The risk factors of treatment are estimated. The controlled sedation is a clear trend. The experience of practical application dexmedetomidin for prevention and treatment of postoperative delirium is accumulated. Although the value of drug- therapy is difficult to overestimate the great influence on the result have non- pharmalogical methods
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